The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Review

Phillip, Akash

doi:10.30491/jabr.2025.523309.1873

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Review

Document Type : Review Article

Author

Akash Phillip

Department of Biotechnology, IIMT University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

10.30491/jabr.2025.523309.1873

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming biotechnology, unlocking unprecedented opportunities for innovation across the life sciences. As the complexity and volume of biological data continue to grow, AI-powered tools are revolutionizing how we understand, design, and manipulate biological systems. This review provides a comprehensive examination of how AI is reshaping core biotechnological domains, from drug discovery, protein structure prediction, and multi-omics integration to synthetic biology, genome editing, bioprocess optimization, and personalized medicine. Advances such as AlphaFold, generative models for molecular design, and digital twins underscore AI’s pivotal role in accelerating research, improving precision, and enabling real-time decision-making. The integration of AI with robotics, microfluidics, and lab automation further enhances high-throughput experimentation and reproducibility. In addition to technical advancements, this review addresses ethical, legal, and regulatory challenges, including data bias, algorithmic transparency, and biosecurity concerns. This review also highlights future frontiers such as AI-enabled organoid modeling, foundation models for biology, and sustainable applications in biomanufacturing and environmental biotechnology.

Keywords

Artificial Intelligence

Biological Sciences

Deep Learning

Machine Learning

Digital Transformation