Phytochemical Analysis of Essential Oil, Total Phenol and Flavonoid Content, Antibacterial, Antimalarial, and Antioxidant Activities of Chenopodium album and Bassia prostrata Methanol Extracts

Kaveh Vernousfaderani, Eisa; Mohammadi, Ramtin; Mojab, Faraz; Mahboubi, Arash; Salimi-Sabour, Ebrahim

doi:10.30491/jabr.2024.470668.1765

Phytochemical Analysis of Essential Oil, Total Phenol and Flavonoid Content, Antibacterial, Antimalarial, and Antioxidant Activities of Chenopodium album and Bassia prostrata Methanol Extracts

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Eisa Kaveh Vernousfaderani ¹

Ramtin Mohammadi ²^{, 3}

Faraz Mojab ⁴

Arash Mahboubi ⁴

Ebrahim Salimi-Sabour ⁵

¹ Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

³ Medical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Research Group (MBBRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

⁴ School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁵ Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

10.30491/jabr.2024.470668.1765

Abstract

Introduction: Chenopodium album L. and Bassia prostrata L. Beck from the Chenopodiaceae family are widespread species in Asia. This study aimed to assay the total phenol and flavonoid contents, the activities of the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimalarial methanol crude extracts, and to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of C. album and B. prostrata.
Materials and Methods: Total phenol and flavonoid contents were assayed via the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric and Modified Woisky and Salatino AlCl₃ colorimetric methods. Appropriate total phenolic and flavonoid content was confirmed to perform antibacterial and antimalarial tests. Antibacterial susceptibility test, determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and determination of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were performed on 5 Gram-positive strains and 5 Gram-negative strains of bacteria. The antimalarial potential was assessed using the heme detoxification inhibition (ITHD) test, and antioxidant potential was measured by the DPPH assay.
Results: The results represented the inhibitory effects of C. album and B. prostrata methanolic extracts on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis, two important pathogenic bacteria in humans. Although they did not present antimalarial activity through ITHD, both extracts exhibited weak antioxidant activity. B. prostrata showed much better antioxidant potential (IC₅₀ = 134.4 μg/ml). The analysis of essential oil of C. album and B. prostrata by Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed 14 and 26 compounds, mostly diterpenes.
Conclusions: The findings of our study suggest that these plants are good sources of natural compounds with antioxidant and antibacterial properties, specifically antipseudomonal, that could be considered as therapeutic agents.

Keywords

Antibacterial Activity

Antimalarial Activity

Antioxidant

Bassia prostrata

Chenopodium album

Essential oil