Antiproliferative Effects of Wild-Type Echovirus in Human Lung Cancer Cells

Rezaei, Ramazan; Karbalaei, Reza; Farzanehpour, Mahdieh; Dorostkar, Ruhollah; Bolouriyan, Alireza; Tat, Mahdi; Saghazadeh, Mojgan; Soleymanitabar, Alireza; Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh, Hadi

doi:10.30491/jabr.2023.400239.1642

Antiproliferative Effects of Wild-Type Echovirus in Human Lung Cancer Cells

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Ramazan Rezaei ¹

Reza Karbalaei ²

Mahdieh Farzanehpour ¹

Ruhollah Dorostkar ¹

Alireza Bolouriyan ²

Mahdi Tat ¹

Mojgan Saghazadeh ³

Alireza Soleymanitabar ²

Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh ¹

¹ Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

² Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

³ Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran

10.30491/jabr.2023.400239.1642

Abstract

Introduction: Oncolytic virotherapy is a new method of treating cancer. Various types of viruses have been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells due to the high presence of specific receptors on cancer cells. In this study, our aim was to investigate the potential ability of wildtype Echovirus to suppress the proliferation of A549 cell line as human lung cancer cells.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we assessed the effects of treating A549 cells with both wild-type Echovirus and doxorubicin (DXR). We focused on several key parameters including cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate, apoptosis percentage, as well as caspase-8 and caspase-9 activities.
Results: The cytotoxic effects of wild-type Echovirus were measured on A549 cell lines in all treatment groups by MTT and apoptosis assay. The lowest and highest cytotoxic effects and apoptosis percentage were associated with the 10 and 40 MOIs of Echovirus treated groups, respectively. Additionally, Echovirus significantly increased LDH and ROS generation and the activities of caspase-8 and caspase-9 compared with the control group.
Conclusions: Wild-type Echovirus has the potential to inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells and promote apoptosis through both mitochondrial and extracellular apoptotic pathways. This suggests that wild-type Echovirus could be considered as a possible therapy for human lung cancer in the future.

Keywords

Oncolytic Virus

Echovirus

Human Lung Cancer

Apoptosis Pathways