Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1
Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2
Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3
Center for Science and Technology of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein Comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Many domestic and wild avian species are afflicted with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an infectious bird illness. It is a zoonotic illness with a broad geographic prevalence. The avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 virus, together with viruses of the other eight serotypes (avian paramyxovirus 1–9), has been classified as belonging to the genus Avulavirus, subfamily paramyxovirinae, and family paramyxoviridae. Most of Asia, Africa, and certain North and South American nations have endemic outbreaks of the dangerous NDV virus in chickens. The clinical symptoms of Paramyxovirus, a virus with a global distribution that affects chickens of all ages, vary greatly depending on the viral strain, species and age of the bird, treatment, concomitant diseases, and pre-existing immunity. Respiratory aerosols, exposure to faeces and other excretions from
diseased birds, recently introduced birds, selling and giving away ill birds, and contact with contaminated feed, water, equipment, cannibalism,
and clothes are all ways that NDV is spread. The clinical manifestations of the illness include rales, tremors, paralyzed wings and legs, twisted
necks, circling, colonic spasms, and total paralysis. When a human is exposed to high levels of the virus, Newcastle disease virus may result in
conjunctivitis. Since the dawn of civilization, natural remedies derived from plants, animals, microorganisms, and marine sources have been
used to cure a variety of illnesses. The basis for contemporary drug research is information from our predecessors. This review aims to provide a
succinct overview of the effects of herbal medicines in treating the Newcastle disease virus.
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