Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 5 4 2018 12 01 The Requirements of the Convention on Biological Diversity and its Effects on the Contracts of Access to Genetic Resources 131 138 87100 10.29252/JABR.05.04.01 EN Ebrahim Abdipour Fard Faculty of Law, Qom University, Qom, Iran Seyed Jafar Mousavi Faculty of Law, Qom University, Qom, Iran Journal Article 2018 05 02 The implementation of the convention on biological diversity (CBD) on contracts of access to genetic resources and sharing benefits of them has led those types of contracts to be away from the traditional contracts found in the law of contracts, and as a result, have found special formats to satisfy the requirements of the CBD. After studying the conditions and specific elements within the contracts of access to the genetic resources (ABS), we will find in this paper that these contracts are not consistent with any known conventional formats and are subject to the requirements of the CBD. Due to the implementation of requirements arising from the CBD as a binding international document, the principle of freedom in these contracts is faced with a number of limitations. The failure to comply with the requirements of the CBD by each party of these contracts, especially when one considers their obligations to provide grounds for the implementation of the aims of the CBD, leads to the modification or even revoking of ABS contracts.

https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_87100_13cdefa5d5693982da13e75982f45915.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 5 4 2018 12 01 Perspectives on Membrane Bioreactor Potential for Treatment of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater: A Critical Review 139 150 83076 10.29252/JABR.05.04.02 EN Ali Izadi Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Mazandaran, Iran Morteza Hosseini Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Mazandaran, Iran Ghasem Najafpour Darzi Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Mazandaran, Iran Gholamreza Nabi Bidhendi Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Farshid Pajoum Shariati Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2018 07 21 The pulp and paper wastewater contains various organic and inorganic compounds in considerable amounts. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has been used extensively for various industrial wastewater treatments due to its ability to produce appropriate effluent according to water quality regulations. Pulp and paper wastewater can be successfully treated by MBR in different conditions according to the wastewater and MBR characteristics. However, a major drawback in the use of MBR is membrane fouling, which leads to the reduction of effluent permeate flux. Fouling factors need to be considered because they are the major problems affecting the MBR performance. Besides, the performance of MBR can be increased by wastewater pretreatment methods and addition of a fouling reducer. In this paper, the application of aerobic and anaerobic MBR for pulp and paper wastewater treatment and membrane fouling has been reviewed. It has been found that the advantages of MBR over conventional biological treatment processes have made this technology popular for pulp and paper wastewater treatment.

https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_83076_1e28607c625c5b2772ca3599b6b386ee.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 5 4 2018 12 01 Synergistic Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils From Thymus fontanesii, Artemisia herba-alba and Rosmarinus officinalis 151 156 83074 10.29252/JABR.05.04.03 EN Fatima Benyoucef Faculté des Sciences, Département de Chimie, Université de Tlemcen, Laboratoire (COSNA), BP 119, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria Mohammed El Amine Dib Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles et Bioactives (LASNABIO), Université de Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Algérie 0000-0003-4612-5303 Zoheir Arrar Faculté des Sciences, Département de Chimie, Université de Tlemcen, Laboratoire (COSNA), BP 119, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria Jean Costa UMR CNRS 6134, Campus Grimaldi, Université de Corse, Laboratoire CPN, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France Alain Muselli UMR CNRS 6134, Campus Grimaldi, Université de Corse, Laboratoire CPN, BP 52, 20250 Corte, France 0000-0002-0031-1621 Journal Article 2018 08 04 Introduction: Oxidative stress is involved in many pathological mechanisms especially those due to aging, such as cancer, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. Essential oils are known for their biological properties, especially as anti-nociceptive, anticancer, antiviral and antioxidative. The main objective of this study was to study the antioxidant activity of essential oils from Thymus fontanesii, Artemisia herba-alba and Rosmarinus officinalis, individually and in combinations. Materials and Methods: Essential oils of plants aerial parts were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant properties were evaluated using two different methods, α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results: The essential oil of T. fontanesii was principally characterized by phenolic compounds represented by thymol (76.6%) and p-cymene (7.4%). The constituents identified from A. herba-alba essential oil were principally represented by camphor (32.3%) and chrysanthenone (25.6%). While, R. officinalis essential oil was characterized by 1,8-cineole (18.3%), camphene (15.4%) and α-pinene (12.8%). T. fontanesii essential oil indicated the significantly highest activity in quenching of DPPH radical, followed by R. officinalis and A. herba-alba essential oils with IC50 of 13.7, 24.5 and 79.4 mg/L, respectively. The combination of T. fontanesii, A. herba-alba and R. officinalis essential oils showed the greatest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 2.6 mg/L almost equal to the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Conclusions: The essential oils blend presented high antioxidant activity compared to individual oils. These findings provide a new source of antioxidant that can be used as a natural food preservative and alternative to chemical synthetic preservatives.

https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_83074_3c2416a18d1890da785394eccad65c78.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 5 4 2018 12 01 The Biological Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Mango Plant Extract and Its Anti-Candida Effects 157 161 81706 10.29252/JABR.05.04.04 EN Shadi Salati Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan, Isfahan, Iran Monir Doudi Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Mahboobe Madani Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2018 06 15 Introduction: In recent years, using plant products alone and along with metal nanoparticles has been widely considered in preventing or killing pathogens including fungi. Increasing the use of chemical drugs has increased the resistance of pathogenic fungi. The present study aimed at investigating the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles by mango plant extract and its anti-Candida effects. Materials and Methods: First, the Indian mangoes were bought from the Isfahan fruit and vegetable market and the kernel were extracted. Then, the nanoparticles synthesis was conducted on mango cores and the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated using a UV-VIS, X-ray diffraction (XRD) machine and a transient electron microscope. In this study, the anti-Candida effects of mango core nanoparticles was evaluated on 21 clinical isolates and 3 standard strains of Candida including Candida albicans PPTCC 5027, Candida glabrata PTCC 5297 and Candida krusei PTCC 5295 using a quantitative micro dilution method (serial dilution in tubes). For data analysis, ANOVA test and SPSS version 22 software were used at the significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Duncan test was also used to analyze the groups. Results: Based on the results, the synthesized nanoparticles were cubic and 65 nm in size. Among the clinical isolates, C. albicans with the frequency of 52.38% and C. glabrata with the frequency of 4.76% had the highest and lowest frequency among the 21 clinical isolates. C. glabrata had the most sensitivity with the quantitative serial dilution method (microdilution) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fungal growth (0.016 mg/mL) and the minimum lethal concentration of fungi (0.032 mg/mL) against the nanoparticles of mango core (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: The inhibitory effect of the mango core nanoparticles after fluconazole on the majority of clinical and standard strains of Candida had a direct relationship with the increasing concentrations of this substance. However, further studies are required for determining the effect of this bio-nanoparticle on the treatment of Candida infections in human beings.

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Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 5 4 2018 12 20 In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Pathogenic Prokaryotes 162 165 83067 10.29252/JABR.05.04.05 EN Elaheh Sadat Nazoori Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran Ashraf Kariminik Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran 0000-0001-6489-9500 Journal Article 2018 08 10 Introduction: Recent increases in microbial resistance to multiple antibiotics have led to the emergence of more economical methods for producing nanoparticles with physical, chemical effects and limited resistance. The aim of this research was to study zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesis and antibacterial properties against some gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Material and Methods: In this study, ZnO nanoparticle was synthesized using ultrasonic method and bioassayed on 10 human pathogenic bacteria by agar well diffusion method. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined as well. Antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria was determined to 9 antibiotics: gentamicin, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, amoxicillin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, norfloxacin and cephalexin by disc diffusion assay. Results: The nanoparticles were synthesized with suitable morphology and distribution. All gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were inhibited at the low concentration of ZnO nanoparticles most bacteria had resistance to antibiotics. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the ZnO nanoparticles have potential applications as antibacterial compounds and their mechanism of action is dependent upon composition and surface modifications.

https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_83067_60ce416f5adf95bac5728ce497936fe2.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 5 4 2018 12 20 The Effect of Ginseng Treatment on Melted and Frozen Human Sperm Quality 166 171 83068 10.29252/JABR.05.04.06 EN Arash Hasirbaf-Momtaz Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Mansoureh Movahedin Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Zohreh Mazaheri Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2018 04 29 Introduction: Today, freezing method is one of the most common approaches in the treatment of infertility. This is while oxidative stress is a major destructing factor during sperm freezing and thawing. However, antioxidant compounds can play a key role in sperm freezing techniques. Materials and Methods: In this study, 5 groups of sperms were evaluated with and without Ginseng extract and then some parameters were evaluated such as mobility, activity of mitochondrial, amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA fragmentation. Results: Findings revealed that the mobility and mitochondrial activity in sperms significantly increased (P≤0.05) in frozen and thawed sperms, which had been treated with 1 mg/mL Ginseng extract compared to the freezing and thawing sperms without Ginseng extract. In addition, the results showed that Ginseng treatment significantly decreased the amount of ROS and DNA fragmentation compared to freezing and thawing in frozen and thawed treatment without Ginseng (P ≤ 0.05). By preventing the increase of oxidative stress levels, Ginseng prevented the reduction of mobility and mitochondria activity of the sperms after freezing and thawing. It also reduced sperm DNA defeat and reduced the production of free radicals. Conclusions: The results of the present study support the hypothesis that Ginseng has positive effects on the sperm quality in cryopreservation process.

https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_83068_28be6eac1f0bb2ff0af3d67365ad8549.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 5 4 2018 12 20 The Association Between KRAS rs712 Polymorphism Within let-7 microRNA-Binding Site and Lung Cancer in the Iranian Population 172 175 83075 10.29252/JABR.05.04.07 EN Neda Farokhzad Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-2831-3952 Ali Mohammadi Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fariba Zafari Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Morteza Sadeghi Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-3453-0010 Journal Article 2018 06 28 Introduction: Recent studies have indicated the function of polymorphisms in the miRNAs-binding sites within the target genes in cancer incidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between KRAS rs712 polymorphism within let-7 microRNA-binding site and lung cancer (LC) risk in the Iranian population. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed among 100 patients with LC and 100 healthy individuals. The rs712 polymorphism in KRAS gene promoter was evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique and direct sequencing. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and t-test. Results: The findings of this study revealed that rs712, TT and GT genotypes are significantly associated with LC incidence in the Iranian population (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.556, 95% CI = 1.346–9.379, P = 0.01) and (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.274–4.719, P = 0.01), and rs712 T allele was associated with LC incidence (OR = 1.711, 95% CI = 1.147–2.553, P = 0.01). In addition, our analysis showed an association between the rs712 TT genotype and LC metastasis (P = 0.006). Conclusions: According to our findings, rs712 T allele is significantly associated with the initiation and progression of LC in the Iranian population and it may be served as a LC screening marker in the future.

https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_83075_4b6995845f4a7e5829d6ff582b54c689.pdf