Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 2 3 2015 09 01 Mechanisms and Performances of Adjuvants in Vaccine Immunogenicity 257 264 69184 EN Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat Young Researchers and Elite Club, Andimeshk Branch, Islamic Azad University, Andimeshk, Iran Azam Sadeghinia Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Shahram Nazarian Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Imam-Hossein University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-4693-877X Zahra Adeli Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran Journal Article 2018 09 15 An adjuvant is a substance that is added to a vaccine to increase the body's immune response to the vaccine. Vaccines containing adjuvants are tested for safety in clinical trials before they are licensed for use. The basic action of adjuvants is stimulating adaptive immune responses. Adjuvants recently licensed for human utilization involve alum squalane oil or water emulsion, influenza virosomes, and few cytokines as IFN-γ and IL-2. Some adjuvants are currently under investigation such as DNA motifs, monophosphoryl lipid A, Cholera Toxin, <em>E. coli</em> heat Labile Toxin, Saponins, Immunostimulating complexes, liposomes, Flt3 ligand as a pleotropic glycoprotein, non-ionic block copolymers. This paper is an overview of most commonly used adjuvants, adjuvant mechanisms, adjuvant formulations and adjuvant limitations. https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_69184_f84273c62b7adde6bcc189b0df6def1d.pdf