Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 1 4 2014 12 01 Identification and Distribution of Anaerobic Responsive Elements (AREs) in Genes Functional Categorization of Arabidopsis thaliana 135 141 69153 EN Ehsan Sadeghnezhad Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Hossein Askari Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of New Technologies and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Sattar Soltani Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of New Technologies and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Honarvar Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran Journal Article 2014 09 15 The evolution of biota had been tightly linked with formation of atmospheric di-oxygen (O2).Since the shift from anaerobic to aerobic life results in reprogramming gene expression through the regulatory interactions between transcription factors and their target sequences, the anaerobic responsive elements (AREs). The purpose of this study is to consider AREs; the most frequent and divergent motif in comparison to eighty four plant cis-regulatory elements, in order to clarify their biological function in Arabidopsis thaliana. A genome wide survey revealed the frequency, occurrence number and positional state of each anaerobic element in Arabidopsis genome. The evidence was obtained that among all AREs, TTCCCTGTT, (A/C/G)AAAAACAAA and AGCAGC in silico discovered elements, are noteworthy responsive elements in Arabidopsis. In addition to, our data suggest that the evolutionary process of anaerobic responsive elements may have been directed toward gradual decrease in occurrence numbers of AREs and gradual increase of their ineffectiveness in Arabidopsis genome. We also classified Arabidopsis genes according to existence of ARE elements in promoter regions of them to seven main groups including expression, primary metabolism, secondary metabolism, signaling, growth and development, stress and misc.

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