Identification and Ranking the Critical Success Factors of Business Incubator of Science and Technology Parks – A Case Study : Business Incubator of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences

Looking at the development process in countries with industrial innovations, it can be seen that the role of research parks is very important in this process. Indeed, one of the most significant factors in the growth of industrial innovation is the number and quality of research parks and their prosperity. The development of these research parks is one of the most important reasons which reminds us of the significance of an evaluation system in these research parks.1,2 Based on the definition of the international association of science and technology parks, a science park is an organization managing by experts and its major role is the enhancement of wealth in society through innovation and competition among existing knowledge-based companies and institutions. In order to achieve this goal, the science park triggers and manages the flow of science and technology in between universities, research and development institutions, private companies and the market and simplifies the growth of companies which rely on innovation, through these business incubations. Science parks also offer other services with high added value along with workspaces and high-quality convenience.3,4 Based on the national comprehensive scientific plan, national five-year development plan, the 20-year oversight plan of Iran in the year 1404 (2035 AD), Iran should move towards a science-oriented country with strong scientific and industrial infrastructures and industry-oriented scientific structure. The realization of this goal depends on the foundation and development of science-based and scienceoriented corporations in close relations with universities and academic centers. In fact, science and technology parks prepare and enlighten the way for progress.5,6 Nowadays, the main purpose of the foundation of research parks and research centers comes from the need Identification and Ranking the Critical Success Factors of Business Incubator of Science and Technology Parks – A Case Study: Business Incubator of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences


Introduction
Looking at the development process in countries with industrial innovations, it can be seen that the role of research parks is very important in this process.Indeed, one of the most significant factors in the growth of industrial innovation is the number and quality of research parks and their prosperity.The development of these research parks is one of the most important reasons which reminds us of the significance of an evaluation system in these research parks. 1,2ased on the definition of the international association of science and technology parks, a science park is an organization managing by experts and its major role is the enhancement of wealth in society through innovation and competition among existing knowledge-based companies and institutions.In order to achieve this goal, the science park triggers and manages the flow of science and technology in between universities, research and development institutions, private companies and the market and simplifies the growth of companies which rely on innovation, through these business incubations.Science parks also offer other services with high added value along with workspaces and high-quality convenience. 3,4ased on the national comprehensive scientific plan, national five-year development plan, the 20-year oversight plan of Iran in the year 1404 (2035 AD), Iran should move towards a science-oriented country with strong scientific and industrial infrastructures and industry-oriented scientific structure.The realization of this goal depends on the foundation and development of science-based and scienceoriented corporations in close relations with universities and academic centers.In fact, science and technology parks prepare and enlighten the way for progress. 5,6owadays, the main purpose of the foundation of research parks and research centers comes from the need for development, targeting the growth of technology and paving the way for scientific innovations and using creative and scientific potentials at universities, businesses and corporations. 7s a part of national program of innovation and scientificoriented economy research parks and scientific centers play an important role in accelerating the process of turning ideas into actual products and thus, the development of technology via providing necessary conditions for the growth of marketoriented research and commercialization the findings of these research.Assisting the development of small and mediocre businesses in the field of research-oriented economic activities, research parks help the growth of science and thus, the attraction of international investment, which would lead to the development and growth of a science-based economy in Iran. 8,9urthermore, these research parks and development centers play significant roles by encouraging an atmosphere of healthy competition and innovation and transmission of technology among different sections via concentrating on the role of science and its dissemination among small firms, companies and corporations, market, and other centers. 5,6,9his study aimed to identify and rank the success factors of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences (BMSU) incubator, a scale to assess success and planning to improve these factors.

Materials and Methods
The aim of the present study is an applied qualitative research and the method of cross-survey which was conducted in 2016 at the Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences.The study population included all universities of medical sciences expert in the field of science and technology parks, technology transfer management, assistants and consultants, managers and other employees in the university's incubator.In this case study sampling was not performed and the whole population was studied.
At first potential factors affecting the success of incubators and technology parks were identified and the primary framework for classification factors was designed.The library studies and literature review and interviews with experts in this field, success factors of the business incubator of science and technology parks were categorized in five groups including support and development, spatial factors, business and investment environment, park management and human resources.The questionnaire was prepared in two parts.The first part was demographic data related to participants in the survey and the second part was questioned relevant to other 5 groups which were classified according to the Likert scale.In this survey, the content and component (convergent validity) of the questionnaire were studied.The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by supervisors, consultants, and three experts and also through studying the related books and articles.The validation was done via structural equation and confirmatory analysis factor by using the second version of SPSS Software: • All load factors must be more than 0.5.
• Average variance extracted (AVE) must be more than 0.5.
The results are shown in Table 1.As it can be seen in Table 1 all the load factors are more than 0.5 and AVE in all variables are above 0.5 which demonstrate the convergent validity.
The validation of the questionnaire was studied through Cronbach α and structural equation.In order to validate the questionnaire through Cronbach α method, firstly, 10 questionnaires were pretested.Then confidence factor was calculated using obtained data and SPSS software via Cronbach α method.It is worth mentioning the alpha coefficient under 60% usually considered as a weak coefficient, the domain of 70% is acceptable and more than 80% is in a proper domain.The confidence factor near 1 is considered as a good confidence factor.As the table demonstrates Cronbach α for all factors are more than 0.8 which shows the validity of the questionnaire.By using structural equation and the second version of SPSS software and considering the Composite Reliability more than 0.7, the questionnaire was evaluated.As it can be seen in the table, the CR in all variables is over 0.7 which shows composite reliability.
Ethical Considerations This article does not contain any studies with human or animal models.Also this research approved by Islamic Azad University of Karaj Branch Ethics Committee.

Results
In Table 2 the data related to sex, age and academic degree of privates are shown.
Table 3 demonstrates the indicators related to support and service factors.In order to obtain this ranking, Friedman test was used.The H0 and H1 in Friedman test are as following: H0: The average ratings are the same.H1: At least 2 rates contain different means.
According to the Friedman test there is a significant difference between the two variables because significance level is under 0.05 (P value = 0.0001).
Ranking the critical success factors of business incubator of science and technology parks of BMSU are listed in Table 4 which Friedman test has been used for this purpose.The H0 and H1 in Friedman test are as following: H0: The average rating is the same.H1: At least two rating means are different.
According to the Friedman test, it can be said that at least there is a significant factor between the two variables because the level of significance is lower than 0.05 (P value = 0.0001).As it can be seen in the previous table, the human resources and indicators of location factors are regarded as the highest and lowest ratios affecting the successful factors of incubators respectively.

Discussion
According to findings of this study, in the factor of support and services of the incubator, the indicator of supporting the commercialization of research results and pre-incubator program are considered as the highest and lowest indicators influencing the successful factors of incubators respectively.
Based on obtained results of this study, in location factors, the indicator of supporting the commercialization of research As the results depict, in factors related to the business environment and investment, the indicator of entrepreneurial and innovative spirit in order to increase the activities of incubators and indicators of access to financial resources and investment, having tax and investment incentives are the highest and lowest indicators influencing the successful factors of incubators respectively.Providing the necessary security to prevent unauthorized access to the information within the park 6.54 Supporting the commercialization of research results

7.94
Services related to the protection of intellectual property rights such as patents and patent security costs Also follow up the administration affairs and providing software locks 5.88 The availability of intellectual property office in the center 6.06 Assignment of office spaces and transportation equipment 6.30

Indicators of Location Factors
The use of renewable integrated energy resources 4.30 Access to urban centers and facilities 4.37 Regional Advantage, which is located in the center and easy access to the spaces and facilities with reasonable price and close to a big city 4.50 Proximity to communication lines (plane, train, etc) and transport facilities 4.03 A base for research and development activities, and activities in the field of technology 5.12 The presence of incubators and research institutes and having interaction 4.86 Access to components and service providers in the region 4.30 Age and size of incubators 4.52

Factors Related to the Business Environment and Investment
Access to finance and good tax and investment incentives 4.92 Goals and vision of the organization as well as bright and detailed provisions of the laws and political regulations 5.48 Shared vision among stakeholders center for science and technology 5.01 Presence of big companies with high quality in incubator 5.74 Communication and support from a university, an institute or an entrepreneurship center 6.02 Attracting foreign direct investment using some facilities 5.97 Government, community and decision makers support 5.07 A network of entrepreneurs, partners and friends 5.14 Entrepreneurship and innovation spirit to enhance the activities of the incubator 6.12 Good reputation and proper image of incubator 5.52

Indicators of Organization and Management Factors
Owning a committed management team with specialized skills Also, the government and official's support and their longterm investment in these research parks are important factors in the development of these parks.Therefore, the support of officials and policy-makers are among the important elements in their success.This support is specifically important due to the dependent nature of the country's economy to the state.On the other hand, the decisions and policies of the state would definitely affect the function of research parks.Subsequently, officials support would encourage the supervisors of these parks to provide better and more efficacious services with more and better qualities.Therefore, all Business Incubator of science and technology parks must provide these services and requirements.Providing these services are part of the main tasks of parks and incubators on helping companies based in the park which park managers must develop the necessary arrangements in this case.
Amirahmadi and Saff 10 in their studies proposed the idea of creating a real mission and strategy and the core program components contribute to strengthening the science parks and understanding the issues and expectations stakeholder for development of science and technology parks.Gay 11 stated that responding to various stakeholders is one of the main keys in science and technology parks success.Monck and Peters 12 also expressed that determining the role of technology parks in the regional and national development is the most vital factor.Also in a study by Bahari et al 13 they recognition and prioritization of key elements in the success of "Research and Technology Parks" in Khorasan Razavi province.In their study, they concluded that key factors in the development of science-oriented institutes in terms of the production of technology respectively are human resources, the development of necessary infrastructure for the growth of technology, and the foundation of technology-oriented centers who are in touch with research parks.The importance and priority of these key factors of success can be a point of view for director and founder of the science park to succeed in creating and developing science and technology parks.In addition, in a report by Soofi and Goodarzi 5 it was concluded that management factors are the most important.Among the factors, having inferred strategic goals and specific plans, mastering managers in issues related to science and technology parks, the political atmosphere of the park in order to support the science and technology parks and its purposes and determine criteria for clear and formal admission, attendance, assessment and control the activities of companies based in the park are among the most important factors.

Conclusions
The factors, which were recognized and discussed in this research, are only a part of effective factors in the function of research and technology parks.The recognition and discussion of other factors by supervisors of these parks and operationalization of such findings, and the assessment of these parks would help the officials and policy-makers to use these assessments and findings in the development and growth of these parks and thus, would pave the way for more effective research parks via more investment and the allocation of better human and financial resources to these parks in order for them to play more effective roles in Iran's economy and the development of a science-based economy and economic activities in the future.

Table 1 .
Load Factors, Significant Coefficients, Cronbach Alpha and Mean Test of a Society

Table 2 .
Descriptive Statistics Demographic Variables

Table 3 .
Ranking the Indicators Related to Critical Success Factors of Business Incubator of Science and Technology Parks These findings show that in organization and management factors, indicator of having skilled and committed management team and indicator of full-time management are the highest and lowest indicators influencing the successful factors of incubators respectively.According to the results of this study, in human resources factors, expertise and specialty staff of research and development and indicator of creating new job opportunities for talented staff are the highest and lowest indicators influencing the successful factors of incubators respectively.

Table 4 .
Ranking the Successful Factors of Incubators