Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 13 1 2026 03 30 Cellular Receptors and their Associated Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Entry Designing Susceptible Cells: A review 1889 1898 242571 10.30491/jabr.2025.518549.1868 EN Seyed Kiarash Aghayan Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8165-1344 Mohammad Reza Heydari Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran 0009-0003-4837-4298 Amir Yousefkhany Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran Yousef Tarvedizadeh Biology Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hussein University, Tehran, Iran Majid Mirzaei Nodooshan Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8180-1031 Ali Salimi Jeda Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-3197-9509 Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-8562-2295 Mostafa Eslami Mahmoudabadi Students Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0009-0005-1568-5393 Journal Article 2025 04 22 SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, emerged in late 2019 and rapidly evolved into a significant global health crisis, impacting millions of individuals worldwide. Like other respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 depends on specific cellular receptors to infiltrate host cells and initiate the infection process. To effectively combat this virus, it is essential to thoroughly understand the intricate interactions between viral attachment factors and these cellular receptors. This analysis explores the various cellular receptors involved in the infection process of SARS-CoV-2 and examines the complex interactions between the virus and its host cells. We emphasize the critical components that facilitate the virus's entry into host cells and consider potential strategies to modify receptor expression, thereby enhancing susceptibility to infection. Gaining insights into these receptors and their associated components is vital for developing effective animal models, which can significantly aid in research efforts. Ultimately, this understanding will contribute to the creation of targeted therapeutic interventions and preventive measures against COVID-19 and similar viral infections.

https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_242571_a096079c65bf5d712d379d3362e89dfd.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 13 1 2026 03 30 The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Review 1899 1921 242574 10.30491/jabr.2025.523309.1873 EN Akash Phillip Department of Biotechnology, IIMT University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India 0009-0004-6067-512X Journal Article 2025 05 14 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming biotechnology, unlocking unprecedented opportunities for innovation across the life sciences. As the complexity and volume of biological data continue to grow, AI-powered tools are revolutionizing how we understand, design, and manipulate biological systems. This review provides a comprehensive examination of how AI is reshaping core biotechnological domains, from drug discovery, protein structure prediction, and multi-omics integration to synthetic biology, genome editing, bioprocess optimization, and personalized medicine. Advances such as AlphaFold, generative models for molecular design, and digital twins underscore AI’s pivotal role in accelerating research, improving precision, and enabling real-time decision-making. The integration of AI with robotics, microfluidics, and lab automation further enhances high-throughput experimentation and reproducibility. In addition to technical advancements, this review addresses ethical, legal, and regulatory challenges, including data bias, algorithmic transparency, and biosecurity concerns. This review also highlights future frontiers such as AI-enabled organoid modeling, foundation models for biology, and sustainable applications in biomanufacturing and environmental biotechnology.

https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_242574_3afe6528ab176e66728fbae8aebfdce0.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 13 1 2026 03 30 High-Yield Production and Purification of Recombinant Glucagon in Escherichia coli Using TRX Tag 1922 1927 242575 10.30491/jabr.2025.513077.1858 EN Hamid Bakherad Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0002-6740-4267 Alireza Abedi Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0003-0569-8922 Journal Article 2025 03 18 Introduction: Glucagon is a 29-amino acid peptide hormone with a molecular weight of 3,485 Da. It plays a critical role in increasing blood glucose levels, reducing involuntary gastrointestinal (GI) motility, and facilitating digestion. Intravenous administration of glucagon is widely utilized for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in both pediatric and adult diabetic patients. Furthermore, glucagon is employed as a diagnostic agent in radiological procedures to temporarily inhibit GI motility in adult patients. In this study, we aimed to produce and purify glucagon using the TRX tag in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Materials and Methods: In this study, the glucagon gene, fused with His and TRX tags, was cloned. The recombinant plasmid was subsequently introduced into E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells, and recombinant protein expression was analyzed following bacterial culture in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium. Following protein expression, an initial purification was conducted through several inclusion body (IB) wash steps, effectively eliminating most protein impurities. In the subsequent step, a Ni-NTA column was employed to achieve further purification, yielding a protein of high purity. Results: The expression and purification procedures were optimized, resulting in the glucagon yield from this study using a shake flask (batch system) of approximately 16 mg/L. To facilitate the separation of the TRX tag from glucagon, enterokinase was employed as a cleavage enzyme. Conclusions: The results indicated that the construct designed to produce glucagon had an acceptable production rate (16 mg/L), as well as enterokinase exhibited non-specific cleavage of the recombinant construct, rendering it unsuitable for this purpose. Therefore, TEV protease should be used as an alternative enzyme for effective tag removal in protein structure.

https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_242575_fa81207e0ef8bf7c472f22d1093f9d8c.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 13 1 2026 03 01 Expression of Mesophilic-Alkali-Stable Catalase Hydroperoxidase II from Staphylococcus equorum in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) 1928 1939 242577 10.30491/jabr.2025.488165.1806 EN Rahma Ziska Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Faculty of Pharmacy, Bhakti Kencana University, Bandung 40614, Indonesia 0000-0001-6939-0535 Catur Riani Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 0000-0001-7082-0264 Ratna Annisa Utami Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 0000-0002-5660-9961 Diky Mudhakir Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 0000-0002-1081-5241 Journal Article 2024 11 11 Introduction: Catalase is a widely used enzyme with numerous advantages in industrial, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. This study elucidates the characteristics of recombinant catalase hydroperoxidase II (rHPIISeq) from Staphylococcus equorum. Materials and Methods: A synthetic gene of catalase (hpII) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The gene was codon-optimized and cloned commercially into vector pET-15b. Gene expression was performed under 0.5 mM of isopropyl-β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction for 24 hours at 25 °C. The soluble recombinant catalase, rHPIISeq, was partially purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by dialysis. Its activity was measured at 440 nm using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. Additionally, the effects of pH and temperature on the enzyme activity and stability were evaluated by incubating the enzyme across various pH levels and temperatures. Results: The pET-15b_HPIISeq recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed. The optimized gene of hpII consisted of 1,989 bp and encoded the rHPIISeq protein with a size of 75.22 kDa. The yield of soluble rHPIISeq was 9.73 mg in 1 L culture with 1.5–1.6 g of wet weight bacterial mass. Notably, approximately 90% of the produced protein formed inclusion bodies (IBs). Following partial purification, a 7-fold increase in the purification of soluble rHPIISeq was achieved using 40% ammonium sulfate precipitation, resulting in a purity level of about 60% with a yield of 93.7%. The enzyme exhibits optimal activity at a pH of 7 and a temperature of 40 °C, and it remains stable within a pH range of 6 to 10 at temperatures between 20 °C and 50 °C. Conclusions: This recombinant catalase is proposed as a mesophilic-alkali-stable enzyme, which is potentially beneficial for industrial applications, particularly in processes under alkaline conditions and a wide range of temperatures.

https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_242577_5b1db470405d5734d36a316726591198.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 13 1 2026 03 30 Impact of Allium ursinum Extract on the Metabolism of Diabetic Mice: An NMR-Based Approach to Uncover Glucose-Regulating Mechanisms 1940 1952 242579 10.30491/jabr.2025.549652.1922 EN Zohreh Rahimi Department of Laboratory Sciences, Bab.C., Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran 0009-0004-6372-9963 Zeynab Pezeshki Department of Laboratory Sciences, Bab.C., Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran 0009-0009-5779-1409 Saeed Alinejad Moallem Department of Laboratory Sciences, Bab.C., Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran 0000-0002-3934-5845 Fatereh Rezaei Department of Biology, Bab.C., Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran 0000-0002-5890-4075 Taher Elmi Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 0000-0002-4247-4445 Mostafa Akbariqomi Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, New Health Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-3533-2393 Journal Article 2025 09 27 Introduction: Allium ursinum (A. ursinum) is a medicinal plant recognized for its wide range of therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. Nevertheless, the precise metabolic mechanisms underlying antidiabetic effects remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of A. ursinum hydro-methanolic extract and characterize the associated metabolic changes in diabetic Balb/C mice. Materials and Methods: Hydro-methanolic extract of A. ursinum was prepared, and then its polar and volatile constituents were identified using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, respectively. Forty mice were allocated into control groups (healthy, diabetic + solvent, and diabetic + metformin) and experimental groups receiving different doses of A. ursinum extract. Treatments were administered for 21 consecutive days, after which blood glucose levels were assessed, and the effective doses (ED50 and ED90) were calculated. To assess metabolic changes associated with the hypoglycemic effects, serum samples were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based metabolomics. Hepatic and renal toxicity were evaluated by enzymatic assay and histopathological examinations. Results: The administration of A. ursinum at tested doses led to a significant decrease in blood glucose levels in diabetic mice (160 mg/kg). These hypoglycemic effects were accompanied by notable changes in the serum metabolic profile, affecting pathways such as ketone body synthesis and degradation, D-glutamate metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, arginine biosynthesis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Importantly, no evidence of liver or kidney toxicity was observed at the higher dose (ED90 = 141 mg/kg). Conclusions: This study showed that A. ursinum has antidiabetic effects and highlighted the role of metabolite changes in diabetes pathophysiology. Hence, the glucose-lowering metabolites identified could be potential targets for the development of future antidiabetic treatments.

https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_242579_019817c39eff50638b38ed8acfc65986.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 13 1 2026 03 30 Comparative Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Different Clinical Sources Using Whole Genome Sequencing and Bioinformatics 1953 1962 242582 10.30491/jabr.2025.555514.1934 EN Ansejam Yaaqop Khadem College of Education for Pure Science, Diyala University, Diyala, Iraq 0009-0004-2267-8530 Munim Radwan Ali College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq 0000-0003-0989-0620 Ali Jaffar Saleem College of Education for Pure Science, Diyala University, Diyala, Iraq 0000-0001-5758-1895 Journal Article 2025 10 26 Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance patterns, virulence characteristics, and genetic and epidemiological relationships of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from various sources in hospitals and clinics in the city of Baqubah, Iraq. Materials and Methods: P. aeruginosa isolates (n = 80) were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Eight isolates, selected for diversity, underwent Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS). Analyses included the identification of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs), antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Mechanism, Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), and Virulence Factors (VFs). A biofilm production assay was performed, and results were correlated with resistance patterns. Results: High resistance rates were observed for the isolates, with the majority being multi-drug resistant: MDR 42.5%, XDR 27.5%, and PDR 10%. The highest resistance rates were recorded against Piperacillin (97.5%) and Polymyxin B (97.5%). Statistically significant resistance was also documented against Cefepime (70%, p = 0.0003) and Meropenem (36.3%, p = 0.013). 100% of the isolates were biofilm producers (68.75% strong, 31.25% moderate). Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between resistance patterns (MDR/XDR/PDR) and the capacity for strong biofilm formation (X squared = 18, p = 0.0004). Using MLST and WGS, the spread of high-risk clones was confirmed: ST-235 (in PA4 and PA18) and ST-244 (in PA7 and PA40). A substantial accumulation of ARGs was identified. Isolate PA 56 (ST-654) carried the most dangerous combination: bla_NDM-1, bla_KPC-2 (carbapenemases), and rmtF (high-level aminoglycoside resistance). The core set of essential VFs (such as the Type III Secretion System (TTSS), Exotoxin A, and Quorum Sensing) was conserved across all eight isolates. Conclusions: Findings confirm widespread Multidrug-Resistant P. aeruginosa in Iraqi hospitals, driven by high-risk international clones and acquired carbapenemase genes. The combination of Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs) in resistance transfer and strong biofilm formation presents a major therapeutic and epidemiological challenge, necessitating strict genomic surveillance and infection control. However, these findings are based on a local, small-scale comparison.

https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_242582_aa0ad5f0bbdf15d146abc0270c273cf2.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 13 1 2026 03 30 Bifidobacterium bifidum Supernatant Affects the Expression of Apoptosis Gene in Caco-2 Cells Infected with Pathogenic Group B Streptococcus 1963 1971 242583 10.30491/jabr.2025.497733.1825 EN Uosef Ramezani Department of Microbiology, Ar.C., Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran Kumarss Amini Department of Microbiology, Sav.C., Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran 0000-0002-6419-3417 Parvaneh Jafari Department of Microbiology, Ar.C., Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran 0000-0003-2771-9309 Farzaneh Tafvizi Department of Biology, Pa.C., Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran 0000-0002-3595-5021 Journal Article 2025 01 03 Introduction: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a significant pathogen associated with a range of infections, including those of the reproductive tract. Bifidobacterium, a beneficial gut microorganism, has shown promise in various health applications. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of GBS among Iranian women with vaginitis. Subsequently, the study explored the anticancer potential of Bifidobacterium bifidum supernatant (BS) against GBS-infected colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) by examining its impact on apoptosis-related gene expression. Materials and Methods: Firstly, the prevalence and genetic characteristics (virulence factor and serotype distribution) of GBS were thoroughly examined among women with vaginitis in Iran. Subsequently, Caco-2 cells were initially infected with pathogenic strains of GBS, followed by an investigation into the anticancer properties of BS on the expression of two apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2 and Casp-3) in these cells at the IC50 concentration. Results: High prevalence rates of GBS (60 out of 235 (25.53%)) were detected. The dominant serotype was Ib (13.33 %) followed by serotype II (8.33%). The most common virulence genes were lmb (100%), pavA (100%), fbsB (100%), fbsA (78.33%), pI-1 (91.66%), and pI-2a (95%). Notably, the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 decreased, while the pro-apoptotic gene Casp-3 increased significantly following BS treatment. Conclusions: These findings strongly suggest the anticancer properties of BS, potentially influencing key cellular pathways that regulate cancer cell survival and apoptosis. However, to gain a more comprehensive understanding and validate the findings, additional research, particularly clinical studies, is essential.

https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_242583_742cfe1fa2ccb34e7b17f362186864d1.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 13 1 2026 03 30 The Impact of Genetic Variations on Immune Dysregulation and Inflammatory Response in Pneumonia 1972 1981 242585 10.30491/jabr.2026.574287.1982 EN Oras Naji Hamad Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Maysan, Iraq 0009-0007-7141-3493 Nusaibah Khalid Saddam Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Maysan, Iraq Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Maysan, Iraq 0009-0002-5926-6463 Manar Naji Hamad Department of Science, College of Basic Education, Wasit University, Kut, Iraq 0009-0004-7914-7474 Journal Article 2026 02 06 Introduction: Pneumonia remains an important medical issue, associated with various illnesses and deaths, and is strongly dependent on host defense mechanisms. Polymorphisms in immune-regulating genes may affect the production and secretion of certain cytokines, thereby increasing the inflammatory response during an infection. This study aimed to establish the association between inflammatory cytokines, immune-related polymorphisms, and inflammatory marker expression in patients with pneumonia. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-two patients with pneumonia and thirty healthy controls were enrolled at Baghdad Medical City Teaching Hospital from March to August 2025. Their serum cytokine and inflammatory marker levels were determined using ELISA. Polymorphisms in the genes IL6, IL10, TLR4, NLRP3, IFN-γ, and CRP were studied using PCR and qPCR. Results: Pneumonia patients (n = 122) had significantly increased IL-6 (118.4 ± 35.7 vs. 16.2 ± 5.9 pg/ml), TNF-α (92.5 ± 28.6 vs. 14.8 ± 4.5 pg/ml), and CRP levels (76.2 ± 20.5 vs. 6.1 ± 3.0 mg/L) compared to controls (n = 30; all p < 0.001) and negative correlations between these mediators and IL-10 (r = -0.45). Conclusions: The immune and inflammatory responses in the patients' bodies are shown to become extensively unregulated and overactive as a result of IL6 and TLR4 cytokine expression and production, which are directly related to the severity of pneumonia.

https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_242585_9bfc5037896950a44156c49679241d7a.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 13 1 2026 03 30 Evaluation of Biodiesel Productivity from Candida parapsilosis Isolated from Marine Sediments of Khor Al-Zubair in Basra, Iraq 1982 1989 242589 10.30491/jabr.2026.575744.1987 EN Waad Blaasm Abd Alsada Department of Biology, College of Education, Qurna University of Basra, Basra, Iraq 0009-0006-4938-9936 Ismaal Jmia Abas Department of Biology, College of Education, Qurna University of Basra, Basra, Iraq 0000-0003-0791-6778 Journal Article 2026 01 21 Introduction: The increasing environmental impact of fossil fuel consumption has intensified the search for sustainable biofuel alternatives. Oleaginous yeasts are promising microbial sources for biodiesel production due to their ability to accumulate intracellular lipids. This study evaluated lipid production and biodiesel potential of Candida parapsilosis isolated from marine sediments of Khor Al-Zubair, Basrah, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Seawater samples were collected from Al-Faw Port, Khor Al-Zubair Port, and Shatt Al-Arab (Arvandrud in Persia). Yeast isolates were identified morphologically and molecularly using ITS1–ITS4 primers, with 99.60% sequence similarity to C. parapsilosis (NCBI accession PX091468). Lipid accumulation was induced under nitrogen-limited conditions. Dried biomass was quantified, lipids were extracted using Soxhlet with hexane, and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were produced by acid-catalyzed esterification. FAME composition was analyzed by GC-MS, and the cetane number (CN) was calculated. Results: The isolate produced 2.260 g/L of dried biomass and 0.6740 g of extracted lipid, corresponding to 29.81% lipid content. Total FAME yield reached 93.11%. Unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 69.48%, with oleic acid (C18:1) predominating at 61.79%, whereas saturated fatty acids constituted 23.63%. The calculated cetane number was 61.29. Conclusions: Candida parapsilosis demonstrated substantial lipid accumulation and high FAME conversion efficiency, producing biodiesel-compatible fatty acid profiles with a favorable cetane number. These findings support its potential as a sustainable microbial source for biodiesel production.

https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_242589_21edf8635cb2a29239dc24e8e95a7dad.pdf

Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 2322-1186 13 1 2026 03 30 SATB2–Ki67 Axis: Toward Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Prognostic Models in Colorectal Cancer 1990 1992 242590 10.30491/jabr.2025.557020.1938 EN Piruz Shadbash Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 0009-0008-1328-482X Marzieh Bahari Babadi Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 0009-0002-9280-389X Journal Article 2025 11 02 The convergence of molecular pathology and artificial intelligence (AI) has begun redefining prognostic assessment in colorectal cancer (CRC). The recent study by Kareem et al. (2025) in the Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports underscores the prognostic potential of combined SATB2 and Ki67 expression in predicting progression-free survival among CRC patients. Beyond its biomarker significance, the SATB2–Ki67 axis embodies a paradigm shift in digital oncology, linking chromatin architecture and cellular proliferation with image-based analytics and computational modeling. This commentary discusses how integrating immunohistochemical (IHC) signatures of SATB2 and Ki67 into AI-driven histopathological platforms could transform CRC prognostication, enabling precision risk stratification, digital biomarker scoring, and personalized therapeutic guidance. We further explore how deep learning algorithms, multiplex IHC, and radiogenomic data fusion could optimize SATB2–Ki67–based predictive models for next-generation oncology practice.

https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_242590_4a3614fc4d0dc24daee73c258db9bb3a.pdf