Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11868320210901Suppressing SARS-CoV2 Genome Replication: A Way to Overcome the Rate of Spread18619212957210.30491/jabr.2021.255853.1310ENLeila MousavizadehDepartment of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-7943-085XSorayya GhasemiCellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran0000-0001-9986-4930Journal Article20201104One of the main reasons for the high prevalence of SARS-CoV2 is the high speed of its replication and reproduction. The replication inhibitors are under investigation due to the importance of prevention of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In coronavirus replication, the virus enters the cell by endocytosis. After uncoating, the positive-strand RNA is translated to produce the non-structural protein (NCP) precursors. These precursors are cleaved and form mature, functional helicase and RNA polymerase. A replication-transcription complex (RTC) is then formed. Targeting the various stages of this process may be useful in preventing the spread of this epidemic. According to the similarity of the COVID-19 replication to the other single-stranded RNA viruses such as HCV, Ebola Virus, and Marburg, the best way to prevent the spread of infection is the viral genome replication targeting with specific drugs after exposure to the virus. For COVID-19 medications, compounds that target SARS-CoV2 replication are being tested <em>in silico</em>, <em>in vitro</em>, or <em>in vivo</em>. According to other clinical trials that have been applied for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV inhibitor drugs in the attachment, protease, and replication stages can prevent the virus from multiplying. By reviewing previous related articles in this field, in this review article, we have tried to focus on all the information related to genome replication and categorize known drugs that have been applied as clinical trial treatments. The use of these drugs and other medications seems to be effective in reducing the prevalence of COVID-19.https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_129572_b204b3ef63f87417a51ff3f09e47d459.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11868320210901Insect Antimicrobial Peptides –Therapeutic and Agriculture Perspective19320213749310.30491/jabr.2020.236075.1242ENHabeeb Shaik MohideenBioinformatics & Entomoinformatics Lab, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology,
Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603202, India0000-0003-4217-5063Henry PearlLouisBioinformatics & Entomoinformatics Lab, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology,
Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603202, IndiaJournal Article20200621<span class="fontstyle0">Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a menace for humanity. Several antibiotics have become ineffective, and there is a need for a novel route or approach to find solutions. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have already generated a lot of noise for over four decades. However, insect-based AMPs offer not only novel sources but also provide effective measures, as the insects are known to be exposed to extreme environments. Plenty of insect-based AMPs have been identified from different orders of insect taxonomy. This review concentrates on the world of insect-based AMPs, their known targets and their applications in agriculture and medical fields. Transgenic induction of AMPs in different hosts has been successfully studied in plant systems. By identifying new AMPs, it will also help in the field of agriculture to increase the production rate of the crops by eliminating the disease-causing pathogens, microbes, and pests. In the present review, we have discussed recent knowledge, and several essential medical and agricultural importance of AMPs identified from insects.</span> https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_137493_3a8e5ea593f818fd8cd2ef35ef8d17b7.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11868320210901Strategies to Designing Chimeric Recombinant Vaccines20322013807710.30491/jabr.2020.192358.1072ENSeyed Ali MirhosseiniApplied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-4065-7213Elahe TakiDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranSoroor ErfanimaneshDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranMorteza Karami-ZarandiDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranSeyede Somaye JasemiDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranShima AfrasiabiDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranSeifu FeyisaDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranHossein Ali RahdarDepartment of Microbiology, Iranshahr University of Medical Science, Iranshahr, IranMohamad Javad RezaeiApplied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJafar AmaniApplied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5155-4738Journal Article20190702With the advent and development of the science of immunology, molecular biology, microbiology, genetic and biochemistry, human beings embarked on vaccines and deployed them. Since the birth of vaccine by Edward Jenner, there has been great progress in the production of various vaccines against different pathogens and antigens. Due to increased infectious diseases and multi-drug resistant strains, one of the best ways to encounter them is through vaccination. There are various vaccines with some problems which are the result of various mechanisms for the escape of pathogenic microbes from the immune system. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive vaccines that can provide extensive immune responses. Chimeric vaccines and recombinant chimeric vaccines are developing nowadays and can protect against different serovars. The first recombinant vaccine was introduced in the mid‑1970s against the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Recombinant chimeric proteins are developing nowadays that have the advantage of both recombinant and chimeric properties.https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_138077_c89530e931c31177905f13a7aad66d60.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11868320210901Biowaste to Bioplastics: An Ecofriendly Approach for a Sustainable Future22123313830310.30491/jabr.2021.259403.1318ENNancy GeorgeUniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India0000-0002-9999-2729Abhrajit DebroyUniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Punjab, IndiaShilpa BhatUniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Punjab, IndiaShikha BindalUniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Punjab, IndiaShivani SinghUniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Punjab, IndiaJournal Article20201127Bioplastics are biodegradable polymers of biological origin. The exhausting fossil resources and ever-increasing environmental pollution caused by plastics derived from these resources are driving the growth of the bio plastic industry. There is increasing focus on developing low-cost and durable bio-based plastics, with a wide range of applicability. Currently, a majority of raw material for bioplastics production comes from agricultural crops, which indirectly poses threat to food security. Hence using organic wastes from biological origins, will not only limit our dependency on agricultural crops, but may also assist in solid waste management, in an effective manner. Industries, particularly food and agriculture sector, produce significant amounts of organic wastes, which can be harnessed for this purpose. It will also reduce the cost of production to a remarkable extent. Hence, this review focuses on the types of bio-based plastics and gives an insight on biological wastes that can be utilized to produce such plastics. It is indeed, the need of time to intensify innovations and research in this field to overcome the hindrances and developing viable processes for manufacturing bio-based plastics. This environmentally friendly approach can remove our dependency from fossil-based conventional polymers and will lead us to a much more sustainable future.https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_138303_3fa5f10ed4342189ce246593e307f9cc.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11868320210901Involved Molecular Mechanisms in Stem Cells Differentiation into Chondrocyte: A Review23424113751810.30491/jabr.2021.137518ENAli SalimiNanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran000-0001-6461-9679Mohsen GhiasiDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMohsen KoraniChemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
IranAli Akbar Karimi ZarchiNanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20190921<span class="fontstyle0">Stem cells are unique biological cells that can differentiate into specialized adipocytes. In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells that break away from the blastocyst cell proliferation, and adult stem cells that are found in different tissues. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are one of the most important adult stem cells. Due to their high proliferative capacity and the proper self-renewal ability, they have provided a powerful and promising source to use in the field of repair plaque. Also, MSCs can differentiate into several cell types, such as: osteoblasts (adipocytes), chondrocytes (chondrocytes), adipocytes (adipocytes) and myocytes (muscle cells). Because of the importance of MSCs as a source of autologous transplantation in the field of regenerative medicine, in depth studies of involved cell and molecular signaling cycles are needed. These cycles are the reason in which these cells are able to differentiate into other cell types. Also, the molecular changes that occur during these cells differentiation are needed to be closely examined. The role of cytokines, chemokines, and transcription factors on the process of differentiation of these cells is considered significant. The differentiation of MSCs into other cell lines is manipulated and stimulated by specific transcription factors associated with specific cell lines, thus, the important role of non-coding small mRNAs (miRNAs) is increased as a result. In the following study, the process of differentiation of MSCs into the chondrogenic lineage and the effect of several miRNAs on the regulation of the process of differentiation into adipose-derived stem cell cartilage have been scrutinized.</span> https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_137518_a2c64dc513d114215dac848942f7b26e.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11868320210901A comprehensive study on SARS-CoV-2 Through Gene Expression Meta-Analysis and Network Biology Approach24225313748610.30491/jabr.2021.275694.1360ENUtkarsh RajDepartment of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, NIIT University, Neemrana, Rajasthan, India0000-0001-7346-0970Sneha RaiDepartment of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, IndiaSandeep KumarMathurDepartment of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, IndiaAditya SaxenaDepartment of Computer Engineering and Applications, GLA University, Mathura, UP, IndiaAman ChandraKaushikWuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China0000-0001-5926-3436Journal Article20210301<span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Introduction:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">Coronaviruses are significant pathogens of both human and animals and are globally distributed. Out of seven CoVs strains, the most lethal coronavirus strains being portrayed is SARS-CoV-2. It can cause bronchial asthma, and severe pneumonia and acute respiratory disease. Due to its contagion in infants, adults, and immunocompromised patients which further results in making this a deadly disease, thus there is an urgent need to develop effective and safe therapeutics against it.<br /></span><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span class="fontstyle2">Meta-analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets belonging to SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-229E were carried out to identify the potential differentially expressed genes exclusively associated with SARS-CoV-2, and then a network model was developed to decipher significant drug targets, associated pathways and drug candidates which can be repurposed for this infection.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">The COVID-19 infection mainly targets immune responses and regulatory processes. A novel role of Relaxin signaling pathway was identified in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, nutraceutical and anthelmintic agents were found to be good prospective candidates for repurposing against COVID-19.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">This theoretical study resulted in the identification of approved drug targets that may have the potential to be repurposed for COVID 19 treatment.</span> https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_137486_c264b9a3eaa886cae93f4587ef62a36a.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11868320210901Biodeodorization of Barrels Containing Natural Gas Odorants by Bacillus cereus25426213741310.30491/jabr.2020.225449.1206ENDaryush ArabianUniversity Institute of Applied Science, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-0911-0380Peyvand AmiriUniversity Institute of Applied Science, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20200403<strong> </strong><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Introduction:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">All sulfur organic odorants used in the Iranian gas industry enter the country in 200-liter barrels. There are ways to clean up the empty barrels contaminated with these materials. In the Gas Company, the currently used method is chemical oxidation (using sodium hypochlorite and caustic). In this study, the biological desulfurization and degradation method of mercaptan was studied.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">Desulfurizing bacteria in the university microbial collection, together with bacteria isolated from gas odorant barrels, were examined, among which one of the species had the highest and fastest decomposition rate. This bacterium belongs to the </span><span class="fontstyle2"><em>Bacillus cereus</em> </span><span class="fontstyle2">family. The most important factors affecting biological desulfurization including initial bacterial concentration, the concentration of odorant, and the Oil Fraction Phase (OFP) were optimized.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">These three factors were studied using an experimental design. Initial bacterial concentrations were evaluated at five levels from 10 to 50 ml with an optimum concentration of 30 ml. The OFP was also evaluated at five levels from 10 to 90%, with 50% being optimized. Concentrations of odorant were also evaluated from 2500 to12500 ppm, with an optimum concentration of 7500 ppm.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">Operational testing was carried out in one of the barrels in the optimized conditions for 48 h. The results showed 79.8% efficiency in removing odorant.</span> https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_137413_452574c10ffebe2ce5dcd006f27acee7.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11868320210901The Hepatoprotective Role of Balanites aegyptiaca Extract and its Nano-Formulation Against Methomyl-Induced Toxicity and Oxidative Stress in Mice via Overexpression of Nrf226327413808310.30491/jabr.2021.272132.1355ENYoumna E. El-SaiedBiochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt0000-0002-5945-3739Mohamed E. MostafaPlant Production Research institute-ARC-Dokki, Giza,12311, EgyptManar RefaatBiochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, EgyptFardous F. El-SendunyBiochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt0000-0002-4572-2061Fahd M. AlsharifDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar. University, Assiut, EgyptDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA 40536Omali Y. El-KhawagaBiochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, EgyptJournal Article20210206<strong>Introduction</strong>: Methomyl (MET) is a monomethyl carbamate insecticide that is widely used around the world. MET is highly toxic to humans via oral exposure and mainly affects the liver tissue. It actually induces toxicity through overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress with subsequent destruction of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: Various plant extracts have been primarily screened for their antioxidant activities by measuring the free radical scavenging ability. Later, the plant extract with the highest antioxidant efficacy has been further formulated into a nanosuspension and the antioxidative effect has also been investigated against MET. Additionally, liver, kidney, and heart function biomarkers, liver tissue oxidative stress parameters, and total antioxidant capacity were assessed. Moreover, RT-PCR was applied to measure the <em>Nrf2</em> expression.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The antioxidant screening data showed that balanites extract (BLT, <em>Balanites aegyptiaca</em>) had the most potent antioxidant activity. Besides, BLT showed dose-dependent improvement in liver, heart, and kidney functions in experimental mice treated with MET. The antioxidant biomarkers in liver tissue and total antioxidant capacity were elevated as compared to the MET-treated group. Furthermore, BLT significantly ameliorated MET-induced toxicity <em>via</em> the induction of <em>Nrf2</em> and MET hepatic clearance. This study suggests the potential use of BLT extract as a natural antioxidant for the safe management of MET-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress.<br /><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the presented data in this study, it can be concluded that BLT or BLT-NS can be used as a safe drug for methomyl toxicity.https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_138083_6d04a2048143b7c24734412b848ca980.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11868320210901Evaluation and Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Pomegranate Peel by Zymomonas mobilis27528213749510.30491/jabr.2020.232307.1231ENDavood MazaheriFaculty of Engineering, Mahallat Institute of Higher Education, Mahallat, Iran0000-0001-7764-3870Mohsen AhiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, IranJournal Article20200521<span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Introduction:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">The large amount of production and use of pomegranate in Iran has made the waste of this important product a suitable source for the production of bioethanol. This research examined the ability of </span><span class="fontstyle2"><em>Zymomonas mobilis</em> </span><span class="fontstyle2">for producing bioethanol from Pomegranate peel.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">The hydrothermal treatment method and enzymatic hydrolysis were used to release the fermentable sugars from PP particles. Cellulase loading of 30 U/g solid was used for enzymatic hydrolysis. </span><span class="fontstyle2"><em>Zymomonas mobilis</em> </span><span class="fontstyle2">PTCC 1718 was used as the ethanol-producing strain. The Response Surface Methodology experimental design was performed to optimize the fermentation process conditions for maximum ethanol production and minimum fermentation time.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">The amount of sugar released after hydrolysis was about 18.37% of the fresh PP weight. The amount of meat peptone and yeast extract (as nitrogen sources added to the medium), bacterial dry weight (as inoculum) and fermentation time were considered as the effective factors in the RSM experimental design. The maximum amount of 0.218 g ethanol was produced at 0.37 g meat peptone, 0.28 g yeast extract, 0.021 g bacterial dry weight and 30 h fermentation time (in 50 ml of culture medium). The maximum ethanol production yield of 45.5% (which is 89.2% of the theoretical yield) was achieved in this process.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> </span><em><span class="fontstyle2">Z. mobilis </span></em><span class="fontstyle2">has good ability for producing bioethanol from PP. However, more research should be conducted in order to industrialize the process.</span> https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_137495_2f177d9cdb91122f0ed93e3f3280dab6.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11868320210901Regeneration of Sciatic Nerve Injury by Polyglycolic Acid/Collagen/Bioglass Conduit28329213807510.30491/jabr.2020.227237.1213ENNavid DehnaviDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-9978-7784Kazem ParivarDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-2836-9710Vahabodin GoodarziApplied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-7295-5434Ali SalimiNanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran000-0001-6461-9679Kourosh MansooriNeuromusculoskletal Research Centre Firozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranMohammad Reza NouraniNanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200416<strong>Introduction:</strong> The repair process of severed peripheral nerves is conducted by the bridging of the regenerating neural fibers across a gap in the case of the existence of an appropriate route (space) between the proximal and distal severed stumps. The current study aimed to improve the transected sciatic nerve of rats with a 10 mm gap by means of applying electrospun conduits composed of polymer nanocomposites of polyglycolic acid (PGA), collagen, and nanobioglass (NBG). Then, the efficacy of the designed conduits (PGA/collagen/NBG, PGA/collagen, and PGA alone) was histologically and electrophysiologically compared with autograft nerves to determine whether these conduits have superiority over the autograft procedures in the process of nerve regeneration.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In this experiment, 50 healthy adult male Wistar rats underwent sciatic nerve transection. After four, eight, and 12 weeks of the surgical procedures, the therapeutic effects of conduits on sensory and motor recovery of transected nerves were evaluated.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The analysis of the functions of motor and sensory nerves showed marked improvement in rats treated with PGA/collagen/NBG conduit. Also, histological staining and immunohistochemical assessment of the expression of NF200, S100, and CD31 proteins revealed newly-formed nerve fibers with micro blood vessels at the proximity of regenerated nerve fibers.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It seems that due to the high surface area of electrospun nerve conduits to adhere the cells, the application of these compounds would be beneficial in clinical practice in the future. The results suggest that PGA/Collagen/NBG nanofibrous conduit possesses the highest capability in increasing nerve regeneration following nerve transection in murine models.https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_138075_cb0449ae3a6cc21b80fd3ce9818b79a4.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11868320210901Biodegradation of Tetrachloroethene in Batch Experiment and PHREEQC Model; Kinetic Study29330213751110.30491/jabr.2020.224939.1205ENSanaz Sabeti MohammadiDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranDepartment of Environment, International Affairs and Conventions Center, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-3860-438XAmir Hossein HamidianDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran0000-0002-1813-0669Alireza AsgariDepartment of Waste Management, Center for Research and Development, Farashetab Kian Aria (FSKAria) Co., Tehran, IranNader YousefiDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200330 <span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Introduction:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">Bioremediation and biodegradation are considered as environmental friendly techniques for contaminants’ removal in polluted environment. In this study, the removal and kinetics of Tetrachloroethene (PCE) and Trichloroethene (TCE) microbial degradation, their inhibitory effects and the rate of dehalogenation capacity at high concentration of PCE were investigated.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">Dechlorinating culture was provided by Bioclear B.V. from a PCE-contaminated site (Evenblij in Hoogeveen -The Netherlands). The batch apparatuses were placed in an orbital shaker at 150 rpm at room temperature. In all the 18 batches, 6 different concentrations of PCE were measured from 0.1 mM to 0.6 mM. The degradation rate of PCE, Trichloroethene (TCE), and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (</span><span class="fontstyle2">c</span><span class="fontstyle2">DCE) were determined by the PHREEQC model.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">The results revealed that the final product was ethene and the rate of dechlorinating of PCE increased gradually. The degradation process started after 3 days in batch modes (0.1 mM). After 10 days, the dechlorination of PCE to TCE was obtained in a low concentration of PCE (0.1 mM). Also, the TCE concentration became close to zero after 10 days. However, the start point was longer than PCE and the rate of biodegradation of TCE was faster than PCE. PCE did not show any progress in the dechlorinating procedure at 13th and 14th batch series and none of the daughter products were observed.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">It should be concluded that there was no single organism that could dechlorinate PCE to ethene, directly. Therefore, the best consortium of microorganisms to dechlorinate PCE to ethene faster, with less production of VC as the most hazardous compound, should be studied.</span> https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_137511_702238f06fd80cc8e72edfdf8d9f843d.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11868320210901Process Optimization of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation by Ureolytic Yeast Spathospora sp. NN04 using Box-Behnken Design: A Novel Approach towards Biocementation30331113842310.30491/jabr.2020.245335.1278ENNupur OjhaBioremediation Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of
Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India0000-0003-2130-3556Pooja AichBioremediation Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of
Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, IndiaNilanjana DasBioremediation Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of
Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India0000-0003-4523-7303Journal Article20200825<strong>Introduction:</strong> The present study was focused on the statistical optimization of growth parameters for enhancing the Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) using ureolytic yeast strain.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Thirteen yeast strains were tested for the synthesis of urease enzyme by phenol-hypochlorite assay and were further evaluated for calcite precipitation test. The growth parameters were optimized using the best ureolytic strain by Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and the extracted MICP was characterized through instrumental analysis.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Among thirteen yeast strains, <em>Candida tropicalis</em> NN4, <em>Spathospora</em> sp. NN04, <em>Wickerhamomyces anomalus</em> VIT-NN01 and <em>Candida dubliniensis</em> NN03 showed positive results for the synthesis of urease enzyme. <em>Spathospora</em> sp. was found to be the most potent strain for MICP. A significant enhancement in MICP by <em>Spathospora</em> sp. was observed under optimized conditions viz. A-urea concentration (80.0 g/L), B-calcium chloride (45.0 g/L), C-pH (9.0) and D-inoculum dosage (8%, v/v). The actual value (34.4±0.12 g/L) was in agreement with predicted value (34.7±0.01 g/L) with the R<sup>2</sup> value (0.9900), confirming the validity of the model. The FTIR of MICP confirmed the fundamental bands of CO<sub>3</sub> stretching and bending vibrations, observed at 1394.23 and 874.85 cm<sup>-1</sup>. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of biomotar revealed aggregated polymorphs of MICP interconnected with yeast mycelium and spores. The Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDX) analysis indicated the presence of calcite in the biomotar. A remarkable improvement in the compressive strength (28 to 44 MPa) and morphological changes were observed in biocement mortar as compared to cement mortar.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This result is the first report on the implementation of ureolytic <em>Spathospora</em> towards the application of biocementation through MICP using BBD.https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_138423_d3d5c246886eb431a1553dcfe0ce6532.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11868320210901In vitro Regeneration and Genetically Transformed Culture of Artemisia diffusa31231913753110.30491/jabr.2020.238560.1251ENMina BeigmohammadiZanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranDepartment of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranMaryam SeyyediZanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranSara RostampourSchool of Computer, Mathematical & Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA, 21251Elmira MohammadiZanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranAli SharafiZanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran0000-0002-6012-1424Journal Article20200707<span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Introduction:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">The present study has introduced a simple and rapid tissue culture system aimed at </span><span class="fontstyle2">in vitro </span><span class="fontstyle2">regeneration of </span><span class="fontstyle2"><em>Artemisia diffusa</em> </span><span class="fontstyle2">and </span><span class="fontstyle2"><em>in vitro</em> </span><span class="fontstyle2">artemisinin production in its genetically transformed culture.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">An </span><span class="fontstyle2"><em>in vitro</em> </span><span class="fontstyle2">regeneration of </span><span class="fontstyle2"><em>A. diffusa</em> </span><span class="fontstyle2">was developed using different combinations of plant growth regulators including Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA), Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), Thidiazuron (TDZ) and Benzyl Adenine (BA). Also, an efficient genetically transformed root induction system for </span><span class="fontstyle2"><em>A. diffusa</em> </span><span class="fontstyle2">was developed through </span><em><span class="fontstyle2">Agrobacterium rhizogenes</span></em><span class="fontstyle2">- mediated transformation using four bacterial strains, A4, ATCC15834, MSU440, and MAFF-02-10266. The stem and leaf of one month old sterile plants of </span><span class="fontstyle2"><em>A. diffusa</em> </span><span class="fontstyle2">were used as explants. Molecular analysis of transformed root lines was confirmed by PCR using primers specific for the </span><em><span class="fontstyle2">rol</span></em><span class="fontstyle2"><em>B</em> gene.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Results:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">The highest regeneration occurrence was obtained using MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L TDZ and 0.1 mg/L IAA (75%). Root induction was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA. The results showed a significant increase in transformation frequency when the strain MSU440 was used (80.7%). Approximately 0.05 % artemisinin was detected by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis in root cultures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of </span><span class="fontstyle2"><em>A. diffusa</em> in vitro </span><span class="fontstyle2">organogenesis and transformation.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle2">This study describes an efficient protocol for hairy roots culture of </span><span class="fontstyle2"><em>A. diffusa</em> </span><span class="fontstyle2">which can be used for scaling up the plant active phytochemicals or for genetic manipulations of the plant.</span> https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_137531_96a4f762b6266b696bc2138707cf1fb3.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11868320210901Evaluating the Biosorption Properties of Three Bacillus Strains for Cu2+ Uptake From Wastewater32032513826110.30491/jabr.2020.209419.1140ENZeinab FarmanbordarGraduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranFereydoun GhazbanGraduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranHamideh Mahmoodzadeh HosseiniApplied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3987-0164Mohammad Ali AmaniApplied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAbbas Ali Imani FooladiApplied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7339-8257Journal Article20191126<strong>Introduction:</strong> Toxic metal ion contamination is one of the most important environmental issues in the world. Wastewater of mines and certain industries are known sources of environmental heavy metal contaminations. Also, Copper (Cu) contamination is a common issue. Using biological tools particularly bacterial-derived compounds could be appropriate for bioremediation. <br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In this study, the Cu<sup>2+</sup> uptake from Chah Musa mine wastewater by three different <em>Bacillus</em> species was assessed using the batch equilibrium isotherm. The impact of pH, exposure time, temperature, and the bioabsorbent dose on the adsorption of Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions was assessed. Also, the kinetics and isotherm models of Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions adsorption were studied for three different <em>Bacillus</em> species. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that the maximum removal Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions (99%) was obtained for <em>Bacillus thuringiensis </em>biomas. The correlation coefficient value (R<sup>2</sup>) of Freundlich isotherm was higher than Langmuir isotherm indicating better metal uptake based on the Freundlich model. The rates of adsorption for all bioadsorbant were attained to be conforming to the pseudo-second-order.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> According to the current study, all three dead Gram-positive <em>Bacillus</em> spp. are favorable and effective candidates for the removal of Cu<sup>2+</sup> from aqueous solutions and industrial wastewaters.https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_138261_bf7720b3fe75fecdab1e425d45bd63f2.pdf