Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11866220190630Carfilzomib Induces Drug Resistance in A2780 Ovarian Cancer Cells Through p53-Dependent and Caspase-3 Independent Pathways45499059610.29252/JABR.06.02.01ENSadegh ZareiDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran0000-0003-0177-2865Javad Zavar RezaDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranHossein Zarei JalianiProtein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranMohammad Reza HajizadehMolecular Medicine Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran0000-0003-0498-3625Saman SargaziCellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IranJournal Article20190303<strong>Introduction</strong>: Resistance to selective small-molecule inhibitors has been a substantial factor for limiting the efficacy of ovarian cancer. Recent studies have revealed that proteasome inhibitors induce acquired drug resistance. The possible mechanisms underlying the resistance to carfilzomib (CFZ), a recently developed inhibitor of proteasome, has not been well studied. This experimental study has aimed to determine if CFZ induces drug resistance in A2780 ovarian cancer cells through p53- and caspase-3 dependent pathways.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The A2780CFZ cells were generated by continuous culturing of A2780S cells in the presence of CFZ for 4 months. The MTT cytotoxic assay was applied to compare the survival rates in A2780CFZ and A2780S cells. Also, the relative expression of <em>p53 </em>and <em>caspase-3 </em>genes were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The nonparametric ANOVA and Friedman tests were used for data analysis.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>A significant difference was observed between the viability of resistant- and sensitive-A2780 cells exposed to various concentrations of CFZ, indicating that A2780S cells have become resistant to this drug under long-term culture. Compared with A2780CFZ cells, the mRNA levels of <em>p53 </em>gene in A2780S cells were significantly increased after 12 (<em>P </em>= 0.008), and 24 hours (<em>P </em>= 0.034) . Also, no significant differences were observed regarding <em>caspase</em>-<em>3 </em>mRNA levels between both cell lines (<em>P </em>> 0.05).<br /> <strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study suggest that regulation of <em>p53 </em>gene expression in A2780CFZ cells might be the possible primary mechanism for gaining resistance against CFZ, but this might be independent of caspase cascades activation. Further studies are required to find strategies for overcoming CFZ resistance.https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_90596_bbd1fdfce103be5904620d3051d3e037.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11866220190617Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Solenostemma oleifolium Essential Oil from Southern Algeria50549083810.29252/JABR.06.02.02ENIlyas ChikhiLaboratoire des Substances Naturelles et Bioactives (LASNABIO), Université de Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, AlgérieCentre Universitaire Belhadj Bouchaib - Ain Témouchent, AlgérieFayçal DergalCentre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimique, C.R.A.P.C, Bp 384, Bousmail, AlgérieDjazia Meryem GanaCentre Universitaire Belhadj Bouchaib - Ain Témouchent, AlgérieMohammed El Amine DibLaboratoire des Substances Naturelles et Bioactives (LASNABIO), Université de Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Algérie0000-0003-4612-5303Hanane ChakerCentre Universitaire Belhadj Bouchaib - Ain Témouchent, AlgérieLaboratoire de Catalyse et Synthèse en Chimie Organique BP 119, Université de Tlemcen, AlgérieJournal Article20190323<strong>Introduction</strong>: <em>Solenostemma oleifolium </em>is a species that grows in extremely dry conditions. It is widespread at the foot of cliffs and in rocky areas. It is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of diabetes, respiratory disorders, rheumatism, stomach pain, urinary tract infections and febrifuge. As a part of this research program on natural compounds with antioxidant properties, the main objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of essential oil of <em>S. oleifolium</em>.<br /> <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>In this study, the aerial parts of the plant were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The isolated essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing power (FRAP).<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>The essential oil of <em>S. oleifolium </em>was principally characterized by oxygenated monoterpenes (94.3%) represented by linalool (59.0%), α-terpineol (14.5%) and geraniol (12.4%), followed by small amounts of nerol (3.7%) and piperitone (3.6%). The results of the antioxidant activity of essential oil showed an interesting propriety in the quenching of DPPH radical, with an IC50 of 3.3 g/L. On the other hand, essential oil showed the presence of the reductive effect, which increased with an increase in concentration.<br /> <strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this research showed that the <em>S. oleifolium </em>essential oil presented an interesting antioxidant property. Actually, it could be proposed as a new potential source of natural additives for the food or pharmaceutical industries.https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_90838_1d86586ff2006430bc7cf84201d807fd.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11866220190615The Effects of TGF-β3 on the Proliferation and Function of Encapsulated Costal Cartilage Chondrocytes in Alginate Scaffold55599077110.29252/JABR.06.02.03ENBatool HashemibeniDepartment of Anatomy and Molecular Biology, Medicine School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-5988-2752Malek Masoud AnsarDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, Paramedical School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, IranAzadeh KabiriDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, Paramedical School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, IranMaryam GoharianStudent Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranParto NasiriStudent Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMaryam AliakbariDepartment of Anatomy and Molecular Biology, Medicine School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMasoud GhorbaniApplied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-2367-6690Journal Article20181212<strong>Introduction</strong>: Damages to cartilage are one of the most challenging issues of orthopedist in medicine as the healing of defects in the tissue has a very slow process and is extremely difficult. Tissue engineering (using scaffold), cells and growth factors can be used as alternatives to improve healing. Alginate is an ideal scaffold which has been also approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The transforming growth factor β3 (TGF β3) increases the viability of the chondrocytes and secretion of extra cellular matrix. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TGF β3 in the viability and production of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and aggrecan by rib chondrocytes.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In this experimental study, isolated costal chondrocytes were encapsulated in alginate and cultured for 3 weeks. Then, samples were divided into 2 groups: TGF-β3 treated and control groups. Finally, the viability of chondrocytes and production of GAG and aggrecan in both groups were evaluated by MTT, GAG and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>By 14 days, the results of the MTT showed that viability had significantly increased in the control group in compared to the TGF-β3 treated group. This is while by 21 days, the TGF-β3 treated group the viability had increased After 14 and 21 days, the GAG production in the TGF-β3 treated group had significantly increased in compared to the control group. The ELISA technique revealed that the production of aggrecan significantly increased in the TGF-β3 treated group at 14 days.<br /> <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results indicate that TGF-β3 can increase the growth of costal cartilage and the production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Accordingly, TGF-β3 is necessary for the regeneration of cartilage.https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_90771_124006faf5c2575936c602968b32012e.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11866220190613Developing a Novel Nanocomposite of Gold Nanowires/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Molecularly Imprinted Polyaniline for the Electrochemical Sensing of Metronidazole60689059510.29252/JABR.06.02.04ENMohammad DehghaniYoung Researchers and Elite Club, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, IranNavid NasirizadehDepartment of Textile and Polymer Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, IranMohammad Esmaeel YazdanshenasDepartment of Textile and Polymer Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, IranJournal Article20190128<strong>Introduction</strong>: BIn the present study, a selective electrochemical sensor was developed to detect metronidazole (MTZ) through the modification of a screen-printed carbon electrode. Also, molecularly imprinted polyaniline (PANI) film layer/gold nanowire /reduced graphene oxide (GNW/rGO) was used to facilitate the charge transfer process and increase the specific surface area of the sensor.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The molecularly imprinted PANI electropolymerization process and MTZ accumulation on the electrode were optimized using the response surface method. The modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).<br /> <strong>Results</strong>: The performance of the proposed electrochemical sensor was analyzed, and it proved to have a linear range of 0.03–980.0 nmolL-1 and a detection limit of 0.015 nmolL-1. The selectivity tests of the nanosensor showed its higher specificity for MTZ, as compared to other similar molecules. Furthermore, the developed sensor was successfully applied to detect MTZ in tablets and urine samples with a good recovery percentage.<br /> <strong>Conclusions: </strong>In comparison with other methods of MTZ detection, the proposed MIP-based electrochemical sensor offers a wider linear response and a lower detection limit.https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_90595_1fa3b31fba3fde89cb6efcc8de360fe1.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11866220190620A Comparative Preliminary Analysis of Selected Fruit Peel Waste Fermented Solutions: Impact of Shorter Fermentation in Biosurfactant Production69729094210.29252/JABR.06.02.05ENKamaraj MurugesanDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa-16417, Ethiopia0000-0002-0111-8524Yabsera TesfayeDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa-16417, EthiopiaAfrah MahmmudDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa-16417, EthiopiaEsetna TsegayeDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa-16417, EthiopiaTigist GetachewDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa-16417, EthiopiaYikerta ArgawDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa-16417, EthiopiaJournal Article20190220<strong>Introduction</strong>: Fruit waste mediated biosurfactant (BS) embraces the considerable attention in this green chemistry era to provide an environment benign application. In this study, the impact of a shorter fermentation on the BS production was studied by employing selected fruit peels as a cheaper substrate.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The avocado, banana, lemon and pineapple fruit peel wastes were collected and used for fermentation along with water and molasses. The setup was treated separately with and without yeast in order to study its effects in fermentation.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>The effect of yeast as a catalyst in a shorter fermentation period has been found to be negative. The emulsification index (E24) values indicated that the fermented solutions of banana and lemon have better emulsification activity compared to the other fruit waste fermented solutions produced in this study. Foam formation, color removal, and seed germination values suggested that the BS production was very minimum and alcohol was found to be dominant in all the fermented solutions.<br /> <strong>Conclusions: </strong>It can be concluded that the fermentation periods of 30 days are not sufficient to produce the BS in higher quality and quantities by using fruit peels. This is while the fruit peels used in this study are capable to produce and can be used as renewable, eco-friendly, and economic substrates for producing BS in an appropriate fermentation period. Still, further studies are needed to elucidate the complete chemical reaction and the components involved in the experimental setup tested in this study.https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_90942_9638aa47e742cffecb531a7719664e4b.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11866220190630Effects of Royal Jelly on the Prefrontal Cortex in a Rat - Morphine Toxicity Model73789023210.29252/JABR.06.02.06ENCyrus JaliliMedical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0002-5097-7974Shiva RoshankhahDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranMohammad Mehdi MohammadiSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranMohammad Reza SalahshoorDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranJournal Article20190213<strong>Introduction</strong>: Royal jelly (RJ) is a honey bee secretion with numerous medicinal properties and antioxidant activities. Morphine is a major risk factor in the development of functional disorders in several organ systems. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of RJ against morphine-induced damage to the prefrontal cortex of rats.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In this study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups: sham group, morphine group, RJ groups (100, and 200 mg/kg), and morphine + RJ groups. Treatments were administered intraperitoneally and orally for 20 days on a daily basis. Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) method was applied to determine the total antioxidant capacity. The number of neurons and, dendritic spines were investigated by Golgi technique, and Griess technique was employed to determine the serum nitrite oxide level.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>Morphine administration significantly increased the nitrite oxide level and total antioxidant capacity, and reduced neuronal dendritic spines and neurons compared to the sham group (<em>P </em>< 0.05). In all RJ and Morphine + RJ groups, the number of neurons and neuronal dendritic spines were elevated significantly, while nitrite oxide level and total antioxidant capacity were reduced compared to the morphine group (<em>P </em>< 0.05).<br /> <strong>Conclusions: </strong>RJ administration protected animals against oxidative stress and nitrite oxide. It also improves some prefrontal cortex parameters including number of neurons and dendritic spines because of the morphine.https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_90232_41ac8d7c31bb48c640e989813c9fc05e.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesJournal of Applied Biotechnology Reports2322-11866220190624Association Between Plasma Lipids Profile and Lipids Oxidizability in Healthy Men79829113510.29252/JABR.06.02.07ENAmeneh JafariProteomics Research Center, School of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranBemanali Jalali KhanabadiDepartment of Biochemistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranNaser NejadiDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranBehrouz FarhadihosseinabadiStudent Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20190103<strong>Introduction</strong>: The aim of the present study was to determine the susceptibility of lipids to Cu-induced peroxidation in diluted plasma and its relation with plasma lipids and lipoproteins in a group of healthy men.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In 100 healthy men volunteers (age range 20-55 years with a mean of 36.8±10.3 years), fasting plasma levels of lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)], total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were assayed. The Cu2+-induced lipid peroxidation was evaluated. Lipid oxidation was estimated by monitoring the change of conjugated dienes in the diluted plasma following the addition of Cu2+. The kinetic curves of the accumulation of lipid peroxide products were prepared, and a number of quantitative parameters including lag time, time of maximal oxidation rate (T-max), and maximal accumulation of absorbing products (OD-max) were evaluated.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>The TG concentrations were positively correlated with lag time and T-max (r=0.33, <em>P </em>< 0.01 and r=0.24, <em>P </em>< 0.05) respectively. Also, TC and LDL-C were positively correlated with OD-max (r=0.28, <em>P </em>< 0.01 and r=0.26, <em>P </em>< 0.05 respectively), and HDL-C was negatively correlated (r=-0.23, <em>P </em>< 0.05) with T-max. No significant correlation was observed between other variables and lipid oxidizability parameters.<br /> <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results of this research indicate that TG increased the resistance of LDL and VLDL against initiation of lipid oxidation. In addition, HDL-C induced the susceptibility of lipid oxidizability.https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_91135_56dbf8055203a25f7b77f6a1e0af1126.pdf