2024-03-28T17:48:50Z
https://www.biotechrep.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=8888
Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports
J Apple Biotechnol Rep
2322-1186
2322-1186
2016
3
2
Polymer Based Formulation and Immobilization Approaches in Enzymatic Detoxification of Organophosphorus Compounds: A review
Morteza
Mirzaei
Sina
Azami
Ali Mohammad
Latifi
Reyhaneh
Sariri
Mona
Rastegar Shariat Panahi
Organophosphorus compounds are highly toxic chemicals with application in production of warfare agents and agricultural pesticides. Detoxification of areas that have been exposed to these types of materials is of vital importance and several approaches have been used for this purpose. Biodegradation of organophosphates is one of these approaches that is in the center of attention due to its high performance and environmental friendly nature. The key components in this approach are enzymes. Like many other industrial processes that employ enzymes, biodegradation of organophosphates has its own limitations. During recent years researches have focused on addressing these limitations and devising new methods to overcome them. One possible method isimproving enzymatic formulations to gain decontamination systems with better detoxification efficiency. Immobilization has also been exercised in many ways to answer some of shortcomings in biodegradation of these compounds. Here, we will review enzymatic formulations of Organophosphates degrading enzymes with specific focus on polymer based approaches and immobilization techniques.
Organophosphorus Compounds
Nerve Agents
Biodegradation
Enzymatic Formulation
Enzymatic Immobilization
2016
06
01
387
393
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_69207_7476f09dd4b57fdc16987e9477302817.pdf
Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports
J Apple Biotechnol Rep
2322-1186
2322-1186
2016
3
2
Inorganic Nanomaterials: A Brief Overview of the Applications and Developments in Sensing and Drug Delivery
Keyvan
Nasirzadeh
Shahram
Nazarian
Seyed Mohammad
Gheibi Hayat
Recent investigations have been shown that inorganic nanomaterials including gold nanoparticles, nonporous and mesoporous silica nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, and quantum dots have shown great potential in bioimaging, targeted drug delivery, and cancer therapies. Biocompatibility, ease of synthesis, and ease of surface functionalization are among the significant properties of nonporous and mesoporous silica nanoparticles in various nanomedicine applications. Quantum dots due to their high brightness, long-lasting, wide and continuous absorption spectra, and high fluorescent quantum yield are being used as the new optical probes for bioassays. In addition about gold nanoparticles, the ease of preparation, stability, low cytotoxicity, and high extinction coefficient of light from visible to NIR regions are some properties that introduced them as important candidates in cancer drug and nanocarrier development. As a specific type of inorganic nanomaterials, magnetic nanoparticles that exhibit super paramagnetic are capable of being used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging, site-specific gene and drug delivery, and diagnostic agents in the presence of an external magnetic field. This review will present the physicochemical properties of most popular inorganic nanoparticles and their recent applications in sensing and drug delivery.
Gold Nanoparticles
Silica Nanoparticles
Magnetic nanoparticles
Quantum dots
2016
06
01
395
402
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_69208_55d09f73b04d0efe83e7d00645a4f978.pdf
Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports
J Apple Biotechnol Rep
2322-1186
2322-1186
2016
3
2
The Effect of Reactor Configuration and Performance on Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oil
Peyvand
Amiri
Daryush
Arabian
In this paper, to express the effect of reactor performance and configuration of biodiesel production on subsequent process parameters (including mass & energy consumption, required facilities, etc.) two diverse biodiesel production processes (from plant oil) were designed with using Aspen HYSYS V7.2 software. Two series of reactors were taken into account in these designs, where in the first and second processes, the overall conversion were set to be 97.7% and 70% respectively. Comparative analysis of the results showed that, in the second design, further amount of 10% oil and 28.16% methanol were obtained. In addition, cold and hot utilities were increased to almost 204.48% and 151.74% respectively, while a few numbers of facilities like distillation tower and heat exchangers amended merely. To reduce mass & energy consumption, mass/thermal integration method was employed. In the mass integration, the optimum operation condition and the reduction of material loss were the major points of focus; while in thermal integration, pinch technology were used for exchanger network design. Moreover , integration method showed that in the first design, material, cold and hot utilities were decreased by 49.81%, 17.46% and 36.17%, respectively; while in the second design, oil, methanol, cold energy and hot utilities were decreased by 9%, 60.57% 19.62% and 36.58%, respectively.
Biodiesel
Heat Exchanger Network
Pinch Technology
Process Design
Thermal & Mass Integration
Vegetable Oil
2016
06
01
403
411
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_69211_00423b828fba6fe550282065faaa03c5.pdf
Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports
J Apple Biotechnol Rep
2322-1186
2322-1186
2016
3
2
Cloning and Expression of an Indigenous Mesophile Lipase and Evaluation of Bacillus Codon Translation in Pichia pastoris under Control of Two Different Promoters
Fathollah
Ahmadpour
Bagher
Yakhchal
Seyed Safa-Ali
Fatemi
Ali Asghar
Karkhane
Samira
Talebi
Lipases are versatile biocatalysts with a wide range of application in food, dairy, leather, paper, pharmaceutical, and detergent industries. In this study, mesophilic lipase gene from an indigenous Bacillus pumilus F3, which its gene had been sequenced and identified previously, was cloned and expressed in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris and codon translation of lipase gene was evaluated in P. pastoris under the control of two different promoters (alcohol oxidase (AOX1) and glyceraldehid phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) promoters). In addition, the expression conditions of recombinant lipase F3 was optimized in P. pastoris expression system using BMMY medium at pH 3, 26ºC, and in 0.75% methanol. The 648 bp lipase gene with natural signal peptid sequence from B. pumilus F3 and the codon optimized lipase gene were cloned and expressed in methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. The lipase gene was excised from the recombinant plasmid with BamHI, EcoRI enzymes and ligated into linearized pPIC9 and pGAP9 with the same enzymes. The recombinant plasmids were confirmed by the PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. The Bgl II linearized Ppic9 and pGAP9 recombinant plasmids were introduced into the yeast P. pastoris GS115 genome by electroporation and confirmed by PCR. Lipase expressing yeast was cultivated in a 250-ml shaking flask containing expression medium. Expression of lipase gene was confirmed using p-nitrophenyl palmitate test and SDS-PAGE. Codon optimized lipase was being expressed as well as native gene and the expression level was low in both cases. Also, these results suggest that protein structure is more important than codon preference in the expression of proteins such as lipases.
Lipase
Pichia pastoris
Bacillus pumilus F3
Codon Translation
Expression
optimization
2016
06
01
413
418
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_69212_f54217ab892928f56d519dd970ded8a9.pdf
Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports
J Apple Biotechnol Rep
2322-1186
2322-1186
2016
3
2
Applying the Bioinformatic Methods to Design and Evaluate the SapM-M13 pIX Fusion Protein and Its Theoretical Role in the Phage ELISA System
Mozafar
Mohammadi
Peyman
Bemani
Neda
Zarei
Phage ELISA is a common method used to confirm binding of obtained phages from phage display technique to related antigens. Enzyme-conjugated antibody directed against the major capsid protein (pVIII) or enzyme-conjugated secondary antibody against the primary antibody is used as a detection system in phage ELISA. We suggested expression of the secreted acid phosphatase (SapM) enzyme on M13 pIX minor coat protein directly, and evaluated this hypothesis using In Silico techniques. 3D structure model of the fusion protein (SapM+M13 pIX) was generated and evaluated by related software. MD simulation and TMHMM program results showed a stable fusion protein which is anchored to the inner membrane of E. col by membrane spanning region suggesting aproper assembling on M13 phage. In theory, SapM enzyme on the phage surface can catalyze the p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate and creates yellow color which can be measured at OD=405 nm by microtiter plate reader. We believe that decreasing the antibody layers in phage ELISA will significantly increase the reliability and reproducibility of the test and reduce its time.
Phage ELISA
M13 pIX
SapM
Acid Phosphatase
Molecular Modeling
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
2016
06
01
419
424
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_69215_41e98357a70f7ae16f710711a49290f7.pdf
Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports
J Apple Biotechnol Rep
2322-1186
2322-1186
2016
3
2
Stem Cells Culture Bioreactor Fluid Flow, Shear Stress and Microcarriers Dispersion Analysis Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Mohamad
Julaey
Morteza
Hosseini
Hossein
Amani
The growth rate of stem cells in Mobius CellReady 3L bioreactor has been studied using COMSOL Multi-physics simulation software in order to find out the best operational parameters for secure cell growth. The bioreactor geometry was defined according to the EMD Millipore issued informationwhile turbulent and unsteady state solid-liquid 2-phase fluid flow equations were used for modeling the bioreactor. For mathematical solution, zero velocity for the primary and wall boundary conditions and maximum volume fraction of 0.63 for 0.0155 litters (about 10 g) of micro carriers was selected. Results from solving the fluid flow equations with mesh sized geometry of the bioreactors indicated that when the speed of the impeller is raised from 30 to 150, the eddies will encounter an increase from 0 to 74.5 in volume fraction base which can be harmful to the micro carriers.30 rpm velocity of the impeller was observed to be the minimum velocity required for the micro carriers to move through the fluid while 60 rpm was chosen as the optimum impeller speed due to well dispersion of the solid phase and minimum volume fraction of the harmful eddies.
Stem Cell
Bioreactor
Two-phase flow
Shear Stress
Microcarrier
2016
06
01
425
431
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_69217_d41d8f11ebd299013d747fa36e9f3321.pdf
Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports
J Apple Biotechnol Rep
2322-1186
2322-1186
2016
3
2
Evaluation of the Level of Awareness on Sterilization Methods in a Research Center
Hossein
Aghamollaei
Ali
Choopani
Mohammad
Heiat
Elaheh
Gheybi
Observing the correct principles of sterilization is one of the most important strategies to prevent infection transmission and, also, to reduce the time and the cost of research projects in biological sciences. The aim of this study is to evaluate the awareness of employees in a research laboratory in an institute of medical sciences. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was designed, which contained important items of sterilization, such as autoclave performance and its quality control, conditions of sterilization by oven, and the principles of surface disinfection, and distributed among the staff. Forty-four filled questionnaires were collected and the results were analyzed using SPSS version 17. There was a significant correlation between the level of education and the level of researchers' knowledge about the principles of sterilization (P<0.05), in a way that the individuals with PhD degree had a higher percentage of correct answered questions. There was a significant relationship between the duration of activity in the laboratory and the level of knowledge on the principles of sterilization. Level of the staffs' knowledge about sterilization procedures is not desirable and there is a need for researchers training.
Sterilization
Biosafety
Education
Quality Control
2016
06
01
433
436
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_69220_48ad7a41685207c042ecbf63661b8d00.pdf