ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Repair of Spinal Cord Injury; Mesenchymal Stem Cells as an Alternative for Schwann Cells
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most severe types of disabilities that has a limited capacity to repair; therefore, medical interventions are essential to the treatment of injuries. Cell transplantation is one of the remarkable strategies for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Transplantation of Schwann cells (SCs) has shown a great promising result for SCI but harvesting SC is limited due to donor complications and limited cell collection capacity. However, the use of stem cells to differentiate into SCs can reduce the risks associated with the use of mature cells in the grafting process. Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate to various type cells. They are as easily accessed source with high growth rate and low immunogenicity; therefore, these properties make them an interesting source for cell therapy. These cells can be transdifferentiated into SC-like cells in neuronal induction media. Accordingly, many studies demonstrated that mesenchymal cells are well suited for cell therapy of SCI. This article briefly discusses the treatment of SCI by cell transplantation and the benefits of using Mesenchymal stem cells as an alternative for SCs.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_75557_6692e04248375bba6afd0e876bf8a7c5.pdf
2018-06-01
42
47
10.29252/jabr.05.02.01
Spinal cord injury
Cell Transplantation
Mesenchymal stem cell
Schwann Cell
Mehrdad
Moosazadeh Moghaddam
mm.genetics@gmail.com
1
Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahin
Bonakdar
2
National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Shokrgozar
mashokrgozar@pasteur.ac.ir
3
National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shahab
Faghihi
sfaghihi@nigeb.ac.ir
4
Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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53
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Review of Dietary Probiotics in Poultry
The use of probiotics has rapidly grown in recent years, enhancing the performance of broilers and leading to the production of products free of any probiotic trace. Recent evidence suggests that the use of microbial probiotics can play a significant role in the future of the poultry industry. Although this method is not complete yet, it can be employed by human societies as a useful tool to maximize poultry products, enhance the health, and ensure the safety of food sources. Some reports show that the application of probiotics in the feed of broilers can lead to positive outcomes such as increased weight and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR).
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_76659_207ac1ea63e4f683b1cf909d460f01fc.pdf
2018-06-01
48
54
10.29252/jabr.05.02.02
Probiotic
broiler
Hen
Turkey
growth
Health
Seyed Mohammad Ali
Aziz Mousavi
1
Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamideh
Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
mahmoodzadehhosseini.h@gmail.com
2
Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Ali
Mirhosseini
ali.mirh@gmail.com
3
Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kabir SML, Rahman MM, Rahman MB, Rahman MM, Ahmed SU. The dynamics of probiotics on growth performance and immune response in broilers. Int J Poult Sci. 2004;3(5):361-364. doi:10.3923/ijps.2004.361.364.
60
Khbaksefidi A, Rahimi SH. Evaluation of the effect various levels of probiotic on blood factors, performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks under acute heat stress. Agric Sci Technol. 2004;18(2):149-158.
61
Karimi K, Rahimi SH. The effect of various levels of probiotic on performance of broilr chicks. Pajouhesh-va-Sazandegi. 2003;16(60):90-94. [Persian].
62
Kafilzadeh F, Safari Parvar MR. The effect of feeding different levels of immunobac probiotic on the performance of broilers. J Agric Sci Nat Resour. 2003;9(4):173-184.
63
Beheshti Moghadam MH, Rezaei M, Niknafs F, Sayyahzadeh H. Effect of combined probiotic and organic acid on some blood parameters and immune system of broiler chicks. Proceedings of the 2nd Mediterranean Summit of World Poultry Science Association; Antalya, Turkey; 2009:4-7.
64
Rowghani E, Arab M, Akbarian A. Effects of a probiotic and other feed additives on performance and immune response of broiler chicks. Int J Poult Sci. 2007;6(4):261-265. doi:10.3923/ ijps.2007.261.265.
65
Dalloul RA, Lillehoj HS, Tamim NM, Shellem TA, Doerr JA. Induction of local protective immunity to Eimeria acervulina by a Lactobacillus-based probiotic. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005;28(5-6):351-361. doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2005.09.001.
66
Haghighi HR, Gong J, Gyles CL, et al. Modulation of antibody-mediated immune response by probiotics in chickens. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2005;12(12):1387-1392. doi:10.1128/ cdli.12.12.1387-1392.2005.
67
Khaksefidi A, Ghoorchi T. Effect of probiotic on performance and immunocompetence in broiler chicks. J Poult Sci. 2006;43(3):296- 300. doi:10.2141/jpsa.43.296.
68
Gharib Naseri K, Rahimi S, Khaki P. Comparison of the effects of probiotic, organic acid and medicinal plant on Campylobacter jejuni challenged broiler chickens. J Agric Sci Technol. 2012;14:1485-1496.
69
Kabir SML. Effect of probiotics on broiler meat quality. Afr J Biotechnol. 2009;8(15):3623-3627.
70
Loddi MM, Gonzales E, Takita TS, Mendes AA, Roca Rde O. Effect of the use of probiotic and antibiotic on the performance, yield and carcass quality of broilers. Rev Bras Zootec. 2000;29(4):1124- 1131. doi:10.1590/S1516-35982000000400025.
71
Zhang AW, Lee BD, Lee SK, et al. Effects of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell components on growth performance, meat quality, and ileal mucosa development of broiler chicks. Poult Sci. 2005;84(7):1015-1021. doi:10.1093/ps/84.7.1015.
72
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Essential Oil Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Calamintha officinalis Moench
Introduction: Calamintha officinalis Moench (COM) is an aromatic herb from Lamiaceae family with high similarities to the common mints not only in its appearance but also in terms of aroma. The aim of this research was to evaluate antioxidant activity of plant extract and to identify constituents of its essential oil. Material and Methods: The plant samples were collected from North of Iran (Guilan, Lahijan) and its identity was certified by a systematic botanist in University of Guilan. The dried leaves of COM were subjected to hydro-distillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and the composition of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: It was found that major constituents of oil were trans-caryophyllene (8.55%), isomenthol (2.98%), tetrahydrolinalyl acetate (2.96%), and pinene (2. 24%). In other part of the research, the biological activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were assayed by in extracts of the leaves spectrophotometric method. It was found the extract contained a considerable superoxide anion radical scavenging power. On the other hand, the biological activity of CAT in extract of COM leaves showed gradual increase during time with a gentle slope indicating an increase in oxidative stress. Conclusions: The result of our study on Calamintha revealed the existence of a specific component of the essential oil (trans-caryophyllene) that has not been reported by other researchers. In addition to the antioxidant property that was confirmed in this study, the major component of its essential oil was found to be an antimicrobial agent.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_75328_f36e3a29d65ad9aa40483d884a9a1ed9.pdf
2018-06-01
55
58
10.29252/jabr.05.02.03
Calamintha officinalis
Enzymatic Antioxidants
Essential oil
Fatemeh
Shams Moattar
1
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Reyhaneh
Sariri
sariri@guilan.ac.ir
2
Deparment of Biology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Masoud
Giahi
3
Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, Lahijan, Iran
AUTHOR
Prichehreh
Yaghmaee
4
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Kamaliroosta L, Zolfaghari M, Shafiee S, Larijani K, Zojaji M. Chemical Identifications of Citrus Peels Essential Oils. J Food Biosci Technol. 2016;6(2):69-76.
1
Bozovic M, Garzoli S, Sabatino M, et al. Essential Oil Extraction, Chemical Analysis and Anti-Candida Activity of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball-New Approaches. Molecules. 2017;22(2). doi:10.3390/molecules22020203.
2
Pellegrini M, Ricci A, Serio A, et al. Characterization of Essential Oils Obtained from Abruzzo Autochthonous Plants: Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities Assessment for Food Application. Foods. 2018;7(2). doi:10.3390/foods7020019.
3
Burzo I, Mihaescu D, Dobrescu A, Ambarus S, Falticeanu M, Badulescu L. Contribution to the knowledge of the composition of the essential oils from five Calamintha species cultivated in Romania. Scientific Annals of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi New Series, Section 2 Vegetal Biology. 2006;52:39-42.
4
Verma M, Irchhaiya R, Singh P, Kailasiya D, Kanaujia V. Studies on antiulcer activity of essential oil of Calamintha officinalis moench. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2011;2(10):2733-2736. doi:10.13040/IJPSR.
5
Ruiz-Ciau D, Cuevas-Glory L, Quijano L, Sauri-Duch E. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant DPPH Activity of the Floral and Leaves Essential Oils of cMontanoa speciosa DC. Am J Plant Sci. 2017;8(4):745-753. doi:10.4236/ajps.2017.84052.
6
Monforte MT, Tzakou O, Nostro A, Zimbalatti V, Galati EM. Chemical composition and biological activities of Calamintha officinalis Moench essential oil. J Med Food. 2011;14(3):297-303. doi:10.1089/jmf.2009.0191.
7
Salekjalali M, Haddad R, Jafari B. Effects of soil water shortages on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of chlorophylls and proteins in barley. Am Eur J Agric Environ Sci. 2012;12(1):57-63.
8
Burcul F, Generalic Mekinic I, Radan M, Rollin P, Blazevic I. Isothiocyanates: cholinesterase inhibiting, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2018;33(1):577- 582. doi:10.1080/14756366.2018.1442832.
9
Siavoshi M, Laware SL. Organic Fertilizers Role on Antioxidant Enzymes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences. 2013;2(S2):1337-1342.
10
Meenu Krishnan VG, Murugan K. Antioxidant potentiality of partially purified protease inhibitor from the fruits of African nightshade (Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq.). World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013;2(6):5166-5181.
11
Rached-Kanouni M, Alatou D. Change in activity of antioxidative enzymes in leaves of Acacia retinodes, Biota orientalis and Casuarina equisetifolia under heat stress condition. Eur Sci J. 2013;9(24):402-410. doi:10.19044/esj.
12
Pavlovic M, Kovacevic N, Tzakou O, Couladis M. Essential oil composition of Sanicula europaea L. Flavour Fragr J. 2006;21(4):687-689. doi:10.1002/ffj.1672.
13
Rastakhiz N, Azar PA, Tehrani MS, Moradalizadeh M, Larijani K. Comparison of the chemical components of essential oil extracted by MAHD and SPME methods from two species of Salvia from Iran. Int J Life Sci. 2015;9(2):61-64. doi:10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12051.
14
Babushok VI, Linstrom PJ, Zenkevich IG. Retention indices for frequently reported compounds of plant essential oils. J Phys Chem Ref Data. 2011;40(4):043101-43147. doi:10.1063/1.3653552.
15
Hasnat A, Pervin M, Lim BO. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of Ganoderma lucidum grown on germinated brown rice. Molecules. 2013;18(6):6663- 6678. doi:10.3390/molecules18066663.
16
Jainu M, Devi CSS. In Vitro. and In Vivo. Evaluation of Free-Radical Scavenging Potential of Cissus quadrangularis. Pharm Biol. 2005;43(9):773-779. doi:10.1080/13880200500406636.
17
Astani A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Screening for antiviral activities of isolated compounds from essential oils. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:253643. doi:10.1093/ecam/nep187.
18
Chavan MJ, Wakte PS, Shinde DB. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Caryophyllene oxide from Annona squamosa L. bark. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(2):149-151. doi:10.1016/j. phymed.2009.05.016.
19
Bouchra C, Achouri M, Idrissi Hassani LM, Hmamouchi M. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae against Botrytis cinerea Pers: Fr. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;89(1):165-169. doi:10.1016/s0378- 8741(03)00275-7.
20
Nickavar B, Mojab F. Hydrodistilled Volatile Constituents of Calamintha officinalis Moench from Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2005;8(1):23-27. doi:10.1080/097206 0X.2005.10643416.
21
Morteza-Semnani K, Akbarzadeh M. The Essential Oil Composition of Calamintha officinalis Moench from Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2007;10(6):494-498. doi:10.1080/097206 0X.2007.10643585.
22
Nostro A, Cannatelli MA, Morelli I, et al. Efficiency of Calamintha officinalis essential oil as preservative in two topical product types. J Appl Microbiol. 2004;97(2):395-401. doi:10.1111/j.1365- 2672.2004.02319.x.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isolation and Characterization of GDP-L-Galactose Phosphorylase Gene of Vitamin C Biosynthesis Pathway from Kiwi
Introduction: Vitamin C is a major antioxidant in plants and plays an important role in reducing the activity of reactive oxygen species. In humans, the main role of this molecule is the elimination of activity of active oxygen species along with being cofactor for many enzymes. Human is one of the few mammalian species that can not synthesize this vitamin and needs to get it through food sources. The GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) gene is one of the most important genes in the biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C, which codes for the GDPL-galactose phosphorylase enzyme. Isolation of GGP gene is an important step in transferring it to elevate vitamin C biosynthesis in plants. Materials and Methods: In current study, the isolation of this gene from kiwi plant was carried out and then was cloned in the pTG19-T plasmid via T/A cloning and subsequently sequenced to confirm it. Results: Sequencing analysis of the GGP gene showed that this fragment contains 1383 bp and the start and stop codons were ATG and TGA, respectively. The bioinformatics analysis of this gene can provide important information on gene and protein structure. The alignment of cloned sequence was done with other Actinidia DNA sequences. The results based on neighbor-joining alignment showed that some of the mutations in nucleotides were related to the third nucleotide in a specific codon. Also, the minimum distance of protein sequences was observed between isolated GGP and Actinidia chinensis. Conclusions: Based on analyses, isolated gene (GGP) can be used for increase vitamin C content in other plants such as cucumber and for resistance to environmental stresses in different plants.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_74249_fe4f0b20b348297a50d8c7648ecf6a1e.pdf
2018-06-01
59
63
10.29252/jabr.05.02.04
Actinida deliciosa
GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) gene
Kiwi
T/A cloning
Vitamin C
Soraya
Shiri
1
Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Zebarjadi
zebarjadiali@yahoo.com
2
Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Cruz-Rus E, Amaya I, Valpuesta V. The challenge of increasing vitamin C content in plant foods. Biotechnol J. 2012;7(9):1110- 1121. doi:10.1002/biot.201200041.
1
Gallie DR. L-ascorbic Acid: a multifunctional molecule supporting plant growth and development. Scientifica (Cairo). 2013;2013:795964. doi:10.1155/2013/795964.
2
Gallie DR. Increasing vitamin C content in plant foods to improve their nutritional value-successes and challenges. Nutrients. 2013;5(9):3424-3446. doi:10.3390/nu5093424.
3
Hancock RD, Viola R. Biosynthesis and catabolism of L-ascorbic acid in plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 2005;24(3):167- 188. doi:10.1080/07352680591002165.
4
Wheeler GL, Jones MA, Smirnoff N. The biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C in higher plants. Nature. 1998;393(6683):365-369. doi:10.1038/30728.
5
Li M, Ma F, Liang D, Li J, Wang Y. Ascorbate biosynthesis during early fruit development is the main reason for its accumulation in kiwi. PLoS One. 2010;5(12):e14281. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0014281.
6
Bulley SM, Rassam M, Hoser D, et al. Gene expression studies in kiwifruit and gene over-expression in Arabidopsis indicates that GDP-L-galactose guanyltransferase is a major control point of vitamin C biosynthesis. J Exp Bot. 2009;60(3):765-778. doi:10.1093/ jxb/ern327.
7
Venkatesh J, Park SW. Role of L-ascorbate in alleviating abiotic stresses in crop plants. Bot Stud. 2014;55(1):38. doi:10.1186/1999- 3110-55-38.
8
Sambrook JR, Russell DW. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Q Rev Biol. 2001;76:348-349.
9
Linster CL, Gomez TA, Christensen KC, et al. Arabidopsis VTC2 encodes a GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase, the last unknown enzyme in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway to ascorbic acid in plants. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(26):18879-18885. doi:10.1074/jbc. M702094200.
10
Kondo T, Fujikawa Y, Ueda A, et al. Cloning and gene expression analysis of ascorbic acid biosynthesis enzymes in Moringa oleifera. Afr J Agric Sci. 2015;10(22):2274-2285. doi:10.5897/ AJAR2014.9306.
11
Urzica EI, Adler LN, Page MD, et al. Impact of oxidative stress on ascorbate biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas via regulation of the VTC2 gene encoding a GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(17):14234-14245. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.341982.
12
Hemavathi, Upadhyaya CP, Akula N, et al. Enhanced ascorbic acid accumulation in transgenic potato confers tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Biotechnol Lett. 2010;32(2):321-30. doi:10.1007/ s10529-009-0140-0.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identification and Ranking the Critical Success Factors of Business Incubator of Science and Technology Parks – A Case Study: Business Incubator of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
Introduction: As part of national program of innovation and a part of the science-oriented development plan, “science and technology” parks have an effective role in accelerating the process of turning ideas into real products and thus, the development of technology by providing necessary conditions for market-oriented research and merchandising the outcome of research. The purpose of the present research is to recognize, specify and prioritize vital elements in the success of development centers by concentrating on the case study of the development center of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences (BMSU). Materials and Methods: Primarily, In this regard, comprehensive literature review of more than 400 critical success indicators of parks and incubators were identified. Then, by integrating the overlays and the use of expert’s opinion, initial screening was conducted. The numbers were classified which were limited to 43 indicators in 5 clusters (5 elements). In this study, the Friedman test was used to rank the following factors and also the critical success subfactors of business incubator of BMSU. Results: Findings indicate that factor of “human resources” with value of 4.19 among other factors and index of “supporting the commercialization of research results” as a part of “support and services of incubators” with value of 7.94 among other indexes, allocated the first ranks. Conclusions: The outcome of this research, with the leading role of the Science and Technology Center of BMSU, was done in order to be used in strategic management and macro-policy making of the University.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_75558_3ba6a651a17a760c72d2a75b9deab988.pdf
2018-06-01
64
69
10.29252/jabr.05.02.05
science and technology park
Business Incubator
Critical success factors
Mohammad Javad
Alishiri
mjalishiri1365@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Management and Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Payam
Makvandi
2
Faculty of Management and Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Khamesh
3
Faculty of Management and Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Link An, Scott Jt. US science parks: the diffusion of an innovation and its effects on the academic missions of universities. Int J Ind Organ. 2003;21(9):1323-1356. Doi:10.1016/S0167- 7187(03)00085-7.
1
Kharabsheh R. Critical success factors of technology parks in Australia. International Journal Of Economics And Finance. 2012;4(7):57-66. Doi:10.5539/Ijef.v4n7p57
2
Somsuk N, Wonglimpiyarat J, Laosirihongthong T. Technology business incubators and industrial development: resource‐based view. Industrial Management & Data Systems. 2012;112(2):245- 267. Doi:10.1108/02635571211204281.
3
Henriques Ic, Sobreiro Va, Kimura H. Science and technology park: future challenges. Technol Soc. 2018;53:144-60. Doi:10.1016/J. techsoc.2018.01.009.
4
Soofi As, Goodarzi M. The Development of science and technology In Iran. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2017. Doi:10.1057/978-1- 137-57257-8.
5
Kusharsanto Zs, Pradita L. the important role of science and technology park towards indonesia as a highly competitive and innovative Nation. Procedia - Social And Behavioral Sciences 2016;227:545-552. Doi:10.1016/J.sbspro.2016.06.113.
6
Mansour Amh, Kanso L. Science Park Implementation – A Proposal For Merging Research And Industry In Developing Arab Countries. Hbrc Journal. 2017. Doi:10.1016/J.hbrcj.2017.06.002.
7
Gliga G, Evers N. Marketing challenges for high-tech smes. Innovative Marketing. 2010;6(3):104-112.
8
Mc Cartan-Quinn D, Carson D. Issues which impact upon marketing in the small firm. Small Business Economics. 2003;21(2):201-213. Doi:10.1023/A:1025070107609.
9
Amirahmadi H, Saff G. Science parks: a critical assessment. J Plan Lit. 1993; 8(2):107-123. Doi:10.1177/088541229300800201
10
Gay K. The Science Park Evaluation Handbook, Science Park Evaluation and Goal Oriented Project-Planning Section. European Innovation Monitoring System (Eims); 1996.
11
Monck C, Peters K. Science parks as an instrument of regional competitiveness: measuring success and impact. IASP 2009 Conference; Taiwan; 2009.
12
Bahari A, Moody B, Yaghoobi N, Alamolhodaei Sh. Identification and prioritization of critical success factors of Khorasan Razavi Science and Technology Park. Roshd-E-Fanavari. 2012;8(30):13- 21. (Persian).
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the Prevalence of Shigella Species and Their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Children With Acute Diarrhea Referred to Selected Hospitals in Tehran, Iran
Introduction: Shigellosis is a major health problem, especially in developing countries and in children under 5 years of age. The prevalence of Shigella species in a region can be considered as an indicator for hygiene level of that region. Due to the lack of an efficient vaccine, antibiotic therapy is the main strategy to combat the disease. In this study, the prevalence of the Shigella species and their antibiotic resistant pattern has been investigated. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 diarrheal stool samples were collected from 4 different hospitals in Tehran during a period of 6 months June to November 2016. Bacterial identification and species discrimination was performed using biochemical and serotyping tests. Antibiotic resistance patterns of isolates were obtained using Bauer-Kirby method. Results: 8.7% of all diarrheal cases were caused by Shigella species (5% by Shigella sonnei and 3.7% by Shigella flexneri). Antibiogram test revealed that the isolates were more sensitive or intermediate to ciprofloxacin (92.3%), while most of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Conclusions: The prevalence of Shigella species has changed in Tehran. Since antibiotics are the treatment of choice to combat these pathogens, also, because of the emergence of the antibiotic resistance Shigella strains, there is a need for regularly updated regional antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the pathogen to guide therapy.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_74245_867e2aaf5dd304bdda448e53ee92c918.pdf
2018-06-01
70
74
10.29252/jabr.05.02.06
Shigella species
Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern
Prevalence
Diarrhea
Peyman
Avakh Majalan
1
Biology Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossain Comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Hajizade
abbashajizade@gmail.com
2
Biology Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossain Comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shahram
Nazarian
nazarian56@gmail.com
3
Biology Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossain Comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Pourmand
4
Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Kiana
Amiri Siyavoshani
5
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Cash BA, Rodo X, Emch M, Yunus M, Faruque AS, Pascual M. Cholera and shigellosis: different epidemiology but similar responses to climate variability. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e107223. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107223.
1
World Health Organization. Guidelines for the control of shigellosis, including epidemics due to Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2005.
2
Kotloff KL, Winickoff JP, Ivanoff B, et al. Global burden of Shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies. Bull World Health Organ. 1999;77(8):651-666.
3
Buzby JC. Older adults at risk of complications from microbial foodborne illness. Food Rev. 2002;25(2):30-35.
4
Khalil IA, Troeger C, Blacker BF, et al. Morbidity and mortality due to shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2016. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30475-4.
5
Kramer A, Kretzschmar M, Krickeberg K. Modern infectious disease epidemiology: Concepts, methods, mathematical models, and public health. Springer; 2010. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-93835-6.
6
Bhunia AK. Shigella species. In: Foodborne Microbial Pathogens: Mechanisms and Pathogenesis. New York: Springer; 2018:331- 341. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74537-4
7
Kothary MH, Babu US. Infective dose of foodborne pathogens in volunteers: a review. J Food Saf. 2001;21(1):49-68. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4565.2001.tb00307.x.
8
McCrickard LS, Crim SM, Kim S, Bowen A. Disparities in severe shigellosis among adults - Foodborne diseases active surveillance network, 2002-2014. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):221. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5115-4.
9
Sur D, Ramamurthy T, Deen J, Bhattacharya SK. Shigellosis: challenges & management issues. Indian J Med Res. 2004;120(5):454-462.
10
Ünüvar S. Microbial Foodborne Diseases. In: Foodborne Diseases. Elsevier; 2018:1-31. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-811444-5.00001-4.
11
Hajizadeh A, Ebrahimi F, Amani J, Arpanaei A, Salmanian AH. Design and in silico analysis of pentavalent chimeric antigen against three enteropathogenic bacteria: enterotoxigenic E. coli, enterohemorragic E. coli and Shigella. Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications. 2016;9(2):225-239.
12
Kweon MN. Shigellosis: the current status of vaccine development. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2008;21(3):313-318. doi:10.1097/ QCO.0b013e3282f88b92.
13
Ebrahimi F, Ebadi V, Hajizadeh A, Tarverdizadeh Y, Bakhshi M. Designing a r ecombinant vaccine containing three bacterial proteins of EHEC, ETEC, and Shigella dysentery antigens in E. coli and evaluation of its humoral immunity in mic. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2018;27(157):1-16.
14
Christopher PR, David KV, John SM, Sankarapandian V. Antibiotic therapy for Shigella dysentery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009(4):Cd006784. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006784.pub2.
15
Ashkenazi S, Levy I, Kazaronovski V, Samra Z. Growing antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003;51(2):427-429.
16
Raghunath D. Emerging antibiotic resistance in bacteria with special reference to India. J Biosci. 2008;33(4):593-603.
17
Saadati M, Setayesh MA, Hosseini SM, Akbari MR, Hosseini M, Tat M, Tarverdizadeh Y. “Prevalenc and antibiotic resistance pattern o shigella isolated from acute diarrheal patients in two hospitals in Kerman during 2014. Iranian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine. 2015;20(70):71-76 [Persian].
18
Ranjbar R, Soltan-Dallal MM, Pourshafie MR, Mammina C. Antibiotic resistance among Shigella serogroups isolated in Tehran, Iran (2002-2004). J Infect Dev Ctries. 2009;3(8):647-648.
19
Nikkah J, Mehr-Movahead A. Antibiotic resistance among Shigella species isolated in Tehran, Iran. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1988;82(5):481-483.
20
Afshari N, Bakhshi B, Mahmoudi aznaveh A, Fallah F, Rahbar M, Rafiei Tabatabaei S. Investigation of prevalence of Shigella sonnei in children with diarrhea admitted to two hospital Emam Khomeini and Milad in Tehran in 1391 with antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. Iran J Med Microbiol. 2016;10(2):16-22
21
Dolatshahi Z, Amini K. Survey of tetracycline resistance genes in Shigella sonnei isolated from acute pediatric with bacterial diarrhea using Multiplex PCR method and their antibiotic resistance patterns. Zanko J Med Sci. 2016;17(52):35-44. [Persian].
22
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Construction and Sequencing of Dense Granular14 (GRA14) Gene of Toxoplasma gondii (RH) in Expression Prokaryotic Plasmid PET32a: A Preliminary Study in Vaccine Production
Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite, which infects human beings. Since the current antigens used for diagnosis or vaccination are contaminated with non -parasitic material in which the parasite is grown, it is tried to produce recombinant antigens to design vaccines against toxoplasmosis, or make diagnostic kits. Choosing the type of antigen to produce recombinant vaccine or diagnostic kits is considerably important. The dense granule protein 14 (GRA14) gene is one of the excretory-secretary antigens of Toxoplasma which seems to be an appropriate candidate in production of recombinant vaccines and diagnostic kits. The current study aimed to clone GRA14 gene of T. gondii (RH) in a cloning vector for further production of dense granular proteins. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from tachyzoite of parasite by phenol chloroform method and gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were ligated into restriction enzymes sites of pTG19-T cloning vector. Then transformed into Escherichia coli Top10 strain and screened by IPTG and X-Gal. Then recombinant plasmid confirmed by the colony-PCR and restriction enzyme digestion using SacI and NotI was done followed by sequencing .After isolation of this gene from pTG19-T, it was subcloned into a prokaryotic expression plasmid (pET32a). The pET32a - GRA14 constructs were analyzed by PCR, restriction analysis and sequencing. Results: Evaluation of PCR products by agarose gel electrophoresis and analysis of nucleotide sequencing of 1227 bp gene encoding the protein GRA14, revealed the complete homology with the recorded sequences in the gene bank. After enzyme restriction and electrophoresis a fragment about 1227 bp was separated from pET32a. Conclusions: The result of this study showed that recombinant GRA14 Toxoplasma was constructed successfully and ready for future study which seems like the antigen is a suitable candidate to produce recombinant vaccine and diagnostic kit.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_74247_ba8a43492ad7c19926006dbba6853b35.pdf
2018-06-01
75
80
10.29252/jabr.05.02.07
Toxoplasma gondii
Dense Granule Antigen 14
Cloning
Subcloning
Mohammad
Ashrafi
1
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Sobati
sobatih@gmail.com
2
Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah Universityof Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyyed Javad
Seyyed Tabaei
3
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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