ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mechanisms and Performances of Adjuvants in Vaccine Immunogenicity
An adjuvant is a substance that is added to a vaccine to increase the body's immune response to the vaccine. Vaccines containing adjuvants are tested for safety in clinical trials before they are licensed for use. The basic action of adjuvants is stimulating adaptive immune responses. Adjuvants recently licensed for human utilization involve alum squalane oil or water emulsion, influenza virosomes, and few cytokines as IFN-γ and IL-2. Some adjuvants are currently under investigation such as DNA motifs, monophosphoryl lipid A, Cholera Toxin, E. coli heat Labile Toxin, Saponins, Immunostimulating complexes, liposomes, Flt3 ligand as a pleotropic glycoprotein, non-ionic block copolymers. This paper is an overview of most commonly used adjuvants, adjuvant mechanisms, adjuvant formulations and adjuvant limitations.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_69184_a6dac80c3f3c915731496bc70051cced.pdf
2015-09-01
257
264
Adjuvants
Vaccine
Immunostimulating Complexe
Alum
MHC
Seyed Mohammad
Gheibihayat
1
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Andimeshk Branch, Islamic Azad University, Andimeshk, Iran
AUTHOR
Azam
Sadeghinia
2
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahram
Nazarian
nazarian56@gmail.com
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Imam-Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zahra
Adeli
4
Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Genotype, Explant Type and 2,4-D on Cell Dedifferentiation and Callus Induction in Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Medicinal Plant
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), a member of the Apiaceae family, is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world. An experiment was conducted for the evaluation of callus induction optimization in cumin accessions from four different regions: Shahdad, Koohbanan, Badrood, and Afghanistan. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L) plus 0.1 mg/L Kinetin in different explants (Root, Shoot, Leaf, Embryo and Seed) of cumin accessions. In this experiment the evaluated traits were days to callus induction, callus induction percentage, and callus growth rate. Statistical analysis showed that seed (as the latest) and root (as the earliest) explants require 54 and 11 days for the initiation of callus induction, respectively. Results showed that accession, explant, accession × explant and 2,4-D × explant interactions had statistically significant effects (P<0.01) on callus induction percentage and callus growth rate. Furthermore, 2,4-D had a significant effect on callus induction percentage. According to the results of this study, in plants of some regions the root explant is an appropriate explant for large production of callus in some accessions of Cuminum cyminum. Also, Koohbananian accession produced callus in shorter time and the Afghanian one produced high number of callus.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_69186_d84aa8c5c0e035064b767bda718f060b.pdf
2015-09-01
265
270
2
4-D
Callus Growth Rate
Days to Callus Induction
Seed Explant
Jahad
Soorni
1
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Danial
Kahrizi
dkahrizi@yahoo.com
2
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimization of Operational Parameters in Rhamnolipid Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa MM1011 in a Miniaturized Shaken Bioreactor
A rhamnolipid–type biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa MM1011 was studied in a miniaturized shaken bioreactor. The operational parameters, affecting the biosurfactant production in shaken bioreactors, such as shaking frequency (200, 250, 300 rpm), filling volume (50, 75, 100 ml), and aeration rate (0.2, 0.6, 1 vvm), were optimized using response surface methodology. The optimization process conducted based on three different response variables (surface tension, rhamnolipid concentration, and emulsification activity). The best results were achieved at agitation rate of 292 rpm, filling volume of 50 ml, and aeration rate of 1 vvm. Also, the results indicated that all of the three factors were effective parameters in biosurfactant production and the surface tension, rhamnolipid production and emulsification activity under optimum conditions, were measured 31.00 mN/m, 1.89 g/L and 80.23 %, respectively.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_69187_51799bcd2ddff872444955e2f8dc4e4d.pdf
2015-09-01
271
278
Rhamnolipid
Biosurfactant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa MM1011
Response Surface Methodology
Hamid
Rashedi
hrashedi@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Izadi
aliizadi.biotech@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Mazandaran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Esmaeili Bidhendi
3
Department of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus in Immunocompromised Persons
Cytomegalovirus is the leading viral cause of congenital disease, often producing serious neurological deficits. CMV attacks the developing central nervous system (CNS) resulting in serious brain disorders that include microencephaly, epilepsy, deafness, microgyria, mental retardation, sensory loss, motor problems, and psychiatric disturbances. In addition, CMV is a clinically important opportunistic virus that can lead to serious neurological disease in AIDS patients. The present application addresses basic mechanisms of viral spread into the brain, and once in the brain, spread by intracellular transport or extracellular diffusion to other brain cells. The hypothesis that CMV can be spread through axonal transport will be studied with in vitro and in vivo models. Although CMV appears to have no absolute host cell preference in the brain, the hypothesis that CMV shows relative cellular preferences will be tested in living brain slices at different developmental ages. Using a mouse model of immunosuppression, parallel to AIDS, we will test the hypothesis that cell-mediated immunity protects neurons in vivo from CMV proliferation. Neuronal activity plays an important role in establishing the correct circuitry during brain development. The hypothesis that early infection by CMV can generate disturbances in the electrophysiological activity of developing neurons will be tested with whole cell patch clamp recording using current and voltage clamp electrophysiology, and with calcium digital imaging, using primary mouse neuron cultures and brain slices. Virus mediated changes in intracellular ion levels, ion currents, transmitter responses, and membrane properties will be compared in CMV infected and control cells.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_69188_765f34b26947beda32e028e181e826a8.pdf
2015-09-01
279
285
CMV Infected
Immunosuppression
Microencephaly
Mohammad Sadegh
Hashemzadeh
1
Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Saman
Ayoubi
2
Allergy and Asthma Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Majded
Ghalavand
3
Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Tat
4
Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Pourpak
5
Allergy and Asthma Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ruhollah
Dorostkar
r.dorost@yahoo.com
6
Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Choopani
choopani.ali3266@gmail.com
7
Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparing Aluminium Sulfate and Poly-Aluminium Chloride (PAC) Performance in Turbidity Removal from Synthetic Water
Colloids are small suspended particles in water which cannot be settled or removed naturally due to their light weight and stability. These particles pose some degree of stability and cause water turbidity. There are some concerns regarding colloid removal efficiency in water treatment plants of Iran. In this study, the effectiveness of aluminium sulfate and poly-aluminum chloride was evaluated at different pH values and coagulant dosage in order to find optimal operational conditions for low to high turbidity waters. The influence of lime, as a coagulant aid, on coagulation process was also studied. A set of jar test experiments was conducted to find the optimal pH and coagulant dosage. Results demonstrated that coagulation process can assure turbidity removal from low to medium turbidity waters effectively using relatively low levels of aluminium sulfate and poly-aluminum chloride (10 to 20 mg/L). Turbidity removal efficiency still remained high when the initial turbidities of water were increased to 500 and 1000 NTU. Results showed that turbidity removal is dependent on pH, coagulant dosage, as well as initial turbidity of water for both used coagulants. The highest turbidity removal efficiency was within 82.9-99.0% for alum and 93.8-99.6% for poly-aluminum chloride over the applied range of turbidity. Both applied coagulants demonstrated promising performance in turbidity removal from water; however, poly-aluminum chloride showed better performance compared to aluminium sulfate. The results of the current study can be used as a baseline data for drinking water treatment facilities which uses these two types of coagulants.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_69189_15e78418c10724dd9a027deb22e59857.pdf
2015-09-01
287
292
Ali
Daryabeigi Zand
adzand@ut.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hassan
Hoveidi
2
Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Honey-Based Alginate Hydrogel on Wound Healing in Rat Model
Alginate hydrogel and honey have a notably effect on wound healing process, therefore assessment of combined impact of those are essential. In this study, the effect of honey-based alginate hydrogel, alginate hydrogel and commercial alginate dressings in recovery of wound in a rat model was studied. In this study, 20Wistar rats were divided into four groups of five. One wound of 1×1 cm square was marked using a template and the skin, on either side of the vertebral column between the ears, excised. One of the rats in each group was euthanized on the 4th, 7th, 14th, and 21th days and skin samples were taken for histopathological analysis. Findings showed that the average total time of wound healing in group of treated with honey-based alginate hydrogel dressing was the best treatment as opposed to the other groups. With respect to all information obtained of the study we found that the honey-based alginate hydrogel is much convenient for wound dressing and treatment of surface wounds. Therefore, outcomes of the treatment make our dressing highly promising as an alternative wound healing system for the treatment of wounds and certainly opening new path for future research and development.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_69192_9b2e1b074181bf097123ecb663402f42.pdf
2015-09-01
293
297
alginate
honey
Alginate Hydrogel
Dressing
wound healing
Saeed
Nazeri
1
Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Esmat
Mirabzadeh Ardakani
2
Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid
Babavalian
3
Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali Mohammad
Latifi
amlatifi290@gmail.com
4
Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation the Effect of Enzymatic Process on the Edible Aloe vera Gel Viscosity Using Commercial Cellulase
Aloe vera is a plant of the Liliaceae family with a brilliant history in disease treatment. In addition to the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and health care industries, this plant is used in food industry due to having various nutrients such as amino acids and various vitamins or anti-bacterial compounds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of variables such as temperature, time, and cellulase concentration to reduce the gel viscosity of edible Aloe vera. Lowering the gel viscosity increases the gel condensation rate and spray dryer efficiency. So, In this study, the effects of different variables, including temperature, enzymatic process time and cellulase concentration was investigated on Aloe vera gel viscosity using a commercial cellulase enzyme. According to the results, temperature, process time and enzyme concentration are the affecting parameters on the gel viscosity. By increasing the temperature, without incorporating the enzyme, a sharp decrease in viscosity was observed so that in 55°C the viscosity decreased to 9.2 cP. By addition of constant amount of enzyme, the gel viscosity reached to 5.1 cP after 34 minutes, with 9.5 g E/100 g SG enzyme concentration, viscosity reached to the minimum value 4.2 cP. The results were statistically significant at the 5% probability level and indicate that the model was significant. Finally, the use of enzymatic processing for the production of Aloe vera concentrate or powder is appropriate because by reducing the gel viscosity, gel condensation rate will increase and it’s drying is economically efficient.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_69193_f93da1c231ab7ab29a1d6fd5d465bf2d.pdf
2015-09-01
299
303
Aloe Vera
Cellulase
Enzymatic Process
Viscosity
Temperature
Ali
Izadi
aliizadi.biotech@yahoo.com
1
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid
Rashedi
hrashedi@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Reza
Ghafarzadegan
3
Department of Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Hajiaghaee
4
Department of Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR