ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fermentation of Milk Using Folate-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria to Increase Natural Folate Content: A Review
Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is essential in cell metabolism and very important especially for pregnant women and lactating mothers. Natural folate is available in food but it is very unstable. Synthetic folate is generally used as an alternative to meet daily needs due to its stability, even though it has a negative effect causing a variety of metabolic disorders. Some lactic acid bacteria have been reported as being able to synthesize natural folate during the fermentation process. Lactic acid bacteria are the main microorganisms for lactic fermentation such as fermented milk, fruits, and vegetables. Milk is the most nutritious food and contains folate-binding protein, hence it is considered the ideal fermentation medium to increase folate stability during storage. Fermentation of milk with folate-producing lactic acid bacteria can be used as a technique to produce natural folate-rich fermented foods as an attempt to prevent folate deficiency without side effects to the consumers.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_100735_5e105c0263605b3f6bb887b0eee633b6.pdf
2019-12-05
129
136
10.29252/JABR.06.04.01
Lactic acid bacteria
Fermentation
Fermented Milk
Folate
Folate-Rich Fermented Food
Fenny Amilia
Mahara
fennymahara@gmail.com
1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
AUTHOR
Lilis
Nuraida
lnuraida@gmail.com
2
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hanifah
Lioe
hanifahlioe@apps.ipb.ac.id
3
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Exploring the Potential and Limitations of PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP for SNP Detection: A Review
Polymerase chain reaction–single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) are two independent methods used in the post-amplification genotyping of DNA variations. Both techniques are used in a wide range of screening applications to characterize single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The PCR-SSCP enables the identification of a potentially causative unknown SNP that could not be identified by PCR-RFLP. However, because complicated steps are not required to perform PCR-RFLP, it is used in many applications. On the other hand, PCR-RFLP is easier to process in terms of time and handover experience, the detection of a particular unknown SNP by PCR-SSCP has further chances. The simplicity of PCR-RFLP does not mean that it is better than PCR-SSCP. The reason is the limited ability of PCR-RFLP to detect nucleotide variations, which often go undetected because each restriction enzyme (RE) scans only a few recognition sequences, and other sequences are ignored. Furthermore, the efficacy of PCR-SSCP is sometimes hindered by many optimizations and also lack of experience. As PCR-SSCP allows other sequences within an amplicon to be separated and characterized, the choice between PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP is largely dependent on the reason for each genotyping experiment. This review provides a useful guide for comparing PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP in terms of their concepts, efficiency, ease of use, interpretation, and sensitivity as well as several other parameters. The comparison is extended to the practical applications of both techniques in terms of their utilization in molecular diagnostics and related applications.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_100740_fa1add16041b371144b3e24b68c454b0.pdf
2019-12-05
137
144
10.29252/JABR.06.04.02
Genotyping
Mutation
Polymorphism
Post-PCR Screening
Protocols
Hayder O.
Hashim
phar.hayder.obayes@uobabylon.edu.iq
1
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babil 51001, Iraq
AUTHOR
Mohammed Baqur
Al-Shuhaib
baquralhilly_79@yahoo.com
2
Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim 8, Babil 51001, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Avocado/Soybean on the Chondrogenesis of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Cultured on Polylactic-Co-Glycolic Acid/Fibrin Hybrid Scaffold
Introduction: Avocado and soya unsaponifiables (ASU) have been reported to be useful for the treatment of cartilage diseases. The aim of this study was to detect whether avocado/soybean can have any effect on the chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells on polylactic-co-glycolic acid/fibrin hybrid scaffold or not. Materials and Methods: The poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)/fibrin scaffolds were seeded with cultured human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs), which were then divided into three groups: control, TGF-β3, and ASU and the results were analyzed 14 days later. The viability of the cells in different groups were assessed by MTT. The expression of chondrogenic-related genes Sox9, type II collagen, Aggrecan, type X collagen, and type I collagen were quantified by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Protein expression levels of collagen type II and X were evaluated by Western blotting. Results: Enhanced cellular viability was observed in the ASU group compared to the transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-β3) group. Analysis of aggrecan (Agg), type II collagen (Coll2) and SOX9 revealed that ASU and TGF-β3 induce hADSCs on PLGA/fibrin scaffold to differentiate into chondrocytes in-vitro. Moreover, a significant decrease was observed in the expression of type X (Coll10) and I collagen (Coll1) genes in the ASU group compared to the TGF-β3 group. Protein levels of type II collagen (Coll2) significantly increased in TGF-β3 and ASU groups in comparison with those of the control group. However, protein levels of Type X collagen (Coll10) significantly declined in the ASU group when compared with the TGF-β3 group. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that hADSCs containing the ASU in PLGA/fibrin hybrid scaffold are an effective way to potentially enhance Cartilage-specific genes with less hypertrophy and Fibrosis in-vitro.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_100741_8213c83d3604fa6f7127a332f14baea2.pdf
2019-12-05
145
150
10.29252/JABR.06.04.03
Avocado/Soybean
Chondrogenesis
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Scaffold
Batool
Hashemibeni
hashemibeni@med.mui.ac.ir
1
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Mardani
mardani@med.mui.ac.ir
2
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Valiani
valiani@med.mui.ac.ir
3
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Majid
Pourentezari
so.dehghani93@gmail.com
4
Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Morteza
Anvari
moanvari@yahoo.com
5
Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Yadegari
yadegarimy@gmail.com
6
Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Esmat
Mangoli
es.mangoli@gmail.com
7
Department of Reproductive Biology, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Seasonal Variation in Essential Oil Content, Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Teucrium polium L. Growing in Mascara (North West of Algeria)
Introduction: Phytochemicals are one wide class of nutraceuticals found in plants which act as antioxidants. In this research, the essential oil (EO) of Teucrium polium L., Lamiaceae, collected from Mascara province, situated in the Algerian northwestern, where their chemical composition varies according to geographical origin, season variation, and climatic conditions were studied. Materials and Methods: The extraction of EO was performed by hydrodistillation. Then, the chemical compounds were identified by gaz chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC–MS). In parallel, the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH test. Results: The yield of the EO of T. polium L. varied during different seasons with the highest in winter season, at vegetative stage (S1), while the same EO (S1) was significantly more efficient as an antioxidant than the EO harvasted at the flowering stage (S2) with IC50 values 3.90±0.05, 16.14±0.15 mg/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). These extracts are predominantly constituted by limonene (29.87%-26.39%), spathulenol (17.24%-13.29%), camphor (0.0%-8.20%), pinocarvone (7.76%-5.60%), tau-cadinol (5.41%-3.67%), pinene oxide (0.0%-4.78%), α-terpineol (0.0%-4.6%), 1-adamantanemethylamine (0.0%-9.80%) and β- myrcene (0.0%-4.02%). Conclusions: The results show that both EOs can be considered as potential sources of natural antioxidants. However, the vegetative stage was the best stage for harvesting the EO of T. polium L. which can be used as an alternative source of synthetic compounds.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_100745_be594c7f297dd97d8aa85cdaf44738ca.pdf
2019-12-05
151
157
10.29252/JABR.06.04.04
Teucrium polium L
Mascara
Essential oil
Vegetative Stage
Flowering Stage
Antioxidant
Yamina
Maizi
yamina.maizi@univ-mascara.dz
1
Laboratory of Bioconversion, Microbiology Engineering and Health Safety (LBGMSS), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Boumediene
Meddah
meddah19@yahoo.fr
2
Laboratory of Bioconversion, Microbiology Engineering and Health Safety (LBGMSS), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria
AUTHOR
Aicha
Tir Touil Meddah
atirtouil@yahoo.fr
3
Laboratory of Bioconversion, Microbiology Engineering and Health Safety (LBGMSS), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria
AUTHOR
Jose Antonio
Gabaldon Hernandez
jagabaldon@ucam.edu
4
Laboratory of Recognition and Molecular Encapsulation (REM), Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Antibacterial Effects of the Mixture of Silver Nanoparticles With the Shallot and Nettle Alcoholic Extracts
Introduction: Today, one of the most important challenges of the therapeutic system is the resistance of bacteria against different antibiotics especially in intensive care units which lead to an increase in hospitalization time and the patients’ expenses. Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most significant contaminating bacteria in intensive care units which has exhibited resistance against different antibiotics in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergism effect of the silver nanoparticles with the shallot and nettle alcoholic extracts against the standard and multidrug resistant A. baumannii isolates. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from intensive care units and the A. baumannii isolates were identified using biochemical tests. Then, the antibiogram test was carried out for each isolate. The antibacterial effect of nanoparticles, shallot and nettle extracts was evaluated singularly and in combination with each other against standard and resistant A. baumannii isolates. Measuring the diameter of inhibited growth zone, MIC, MBC and checkerboard tests were conducted for each isolate. Results: The results showed that the silver nanoparticles, shallot and nettle alcoholic extracts each had antibacterial property against the standard and resistant A. baumannii isolates. The mixture of the nettle extract with silver nanoparticles had a synergism effect against the standard and resistant isolates and the mixture of the shallot extract with silver nanoparticles had an additive effect against A. baumannii isolates. Conclusions: Due to the increase of antibiotics resistance and the resistance to the pathogenic bacteria especially in intensive care units, it is necessary to find effective and accessible substances to destroy the resistant bacteria and reduce the mortality rate of patients. The results of the present study revealed that the antibacterial property of the shallot and the nettle alcoholic extracts could increase the antibacterial property of the silver nanoparticles. As a result, these can be used for disinfecting different wards of a hospital, in particular, the intensive care units.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_100749_f5eeb00cc8cf3753d67d2d5b6c24c189.pdf
2019-12-05
158
164
10.29252/JABR.06.04.05
Acinetobacter baumannii
Hospital infection
Antibiotic Resistance
Silver nanoparticles
Nettle Extract
Shallot Extract
Sepideh
Zeinali Aghdam
zeinali.sepideh@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sara
Minaeian
sara.minaeian@gmail.com
2
Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Meisam
Sadeghpour Karimi
meisam.sadeghpour@gmail.com
3
Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Akram Sadat
Tabatabaee Bafroee
akram_tabatabaee@yahoo.com
4
Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Role of Heparin Sodium Salt in the Modulation of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation
Introduction: The present study aims to investigate the role of low molecular weight compound heparin sodium salt (HSS) to control the differentiation of the human umbilical cord (UC) derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through possible interaction with WWTR1 protein. Materials and Methods: In order to carry out this study, the human UC-derived stem cells were isolated and characterized by stem cell specific markers and the effect of HSS was studied by altering the phenotypes of MSCs. An Insilco approach was employed to reveal the structural determination of the ligand, the WWTR1 protein binding site and to predict the strength of the interaction. After HSS treatment, WWTR1, Oct4, nanog, SOX9 gene expressions were studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cell staining was performed using alizarin red to confirm the formation of osteocytes. Results: Mineralization indicated by osteocytes was confirmed using alizarin red after the treatment of HSS. Post, HSS treatment, OCT4, Nanog, RUNX2, COL1A1 and WWTR1 gene expressions were positively modulated. Heparin treatment of MSCs lead to the up regulation of WWTR1 along with the down regulation of stemness markers Oct4 and Nanog expression. In silico studies also predicted the possible interaction of WWTR1 with HS. Results indicated that Amino acid residues ASP57, GLN83, GLN109, THR135, and TYR141 came up as a prominent interaction centre; ASP57, GLN83 and THR135 recorded the highest interaction energy – while ASP57 mostly participated in an electrostatic interaction. Conclusions: To conclude, it can be stated that heparin can possibly interact with WWTR1 along with having the capability to direct cells towards osteogenic lineages.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_100752_0508105abfe2b4f94847723722a4b5c1.pdf
2019-12-05
165
171
10.29252/JABR.06.04.06
Heparin
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
WWTR1
Cell proliferation
Osteocyte Differentiation
Madhumala
Gopinath
madhumalaresearch86@gmail.com
1
Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
AUTHOR
Suman
Nandy
bhramoman@gmail.com
2
Bioinformatics Centre (BIF), North-Eastern Hill University, Tura Campus, Meghalaya-794002, India
AUTHOR
Ganesan
Jothimani
gannybiotech@gmail.com
3
Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
AUTHOR
Sarubala
Malayaperumal
sarubala18@gmail.com
4
Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
AUTHOR
Birendra Kumar
Mishra
birendramishra14@gmail.com
5
Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Production, North-Eastern Hill University, Tura Campus, Tura, Meghalaya-794002, India
AUTHOR
Rosa
Di Liddo
6
Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
AUTHOR
Surajit
Pathak
surajit.pathak@gmail.com
7
Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oils Extracted From 4 Medicinal Plants (Labiatae) of Kerman, Iran
Introduction: In many parts of the world, a rich tradition of using herbal medicine have been formed through history for treating many infectious diseases. Because of the side effects and the resistance that pathogenic microorganisms build against the antibiotics, much recent attention has been paid to extract biologically active compounds from plant species used in herbal medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of four medicinal plants’ essential oils from Labiatae family – Salvia macrosiphon, Rosmarinus officinalis, Dracocephalum polychaetum, and Origanum vulgare – on four pathogenic bacteria as well as identify their chemically active compound. Materials and Methods: The essential oil was extracted using hydro-distillation method. Then, analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and compounds were identified. The antibacterial activity of the oil was evaluated using agar disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined in a broth dilution assay. Results: Most of the evaluated bacteria species were sensitive to the oils. MICs and MBCs showed that these 4 plants relatively had high efficacy against bacteria. More than 90% of the chemical contents of the oils was determined. Conclusions: The obtained results suggest and justify using the indigenous plants’ essential oils in traditional medicine as a treatment for microbial infections or as a preservative in food.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_100754_919f75f661c314c968fbb38fe5d72c78.pdf
2019-12-05
172
179
10.29252/JABR.06.04.07
Antibacterial Activity
chemical constituents
Labiatae
Essential oil
Ashraf
Kariminik
a.kariminik@iauk.ac.ir
1
Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehran
Moradalizadeh
moradalizadeh.m234@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemistry, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Mehdi
Foroughi
foroughimm2005@gmail.com
3
Department of Chemistry, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid
Tebyanian
tebyan.hamid@yahoo.com
4
Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Mehdi
Motaghi
motaghimm1987@gmail.com
5
Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Urea Fertilizer and Poultry Manure on Nitrate Reductase Activity of Potato and some Tuber Composition
Introduction: Nowadays, increasing environmental risks to human health have caused increasing attention to use chemical nitrogen sources efficiently or nitrogen supplying from organic amendments. In this respect, chicken manure seems to be a good alternative to chemical nitrogen fertilizers. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the role of urea and poultry manure and ecological factors (climate) on the quantity of some chemical compositions of the potato tuber. Materials and Methods: To study the effects of urea and poultry manure on some potato tuber compositions, the factorial experiment was conducted in 2015-2016 during the growing season in 2 regions; Azna and Khorramabad which is located in Lorestan province in the west of Iran. The factors were 2 different sources of nitrogen supply including urea fertilizer and poultry manure. Results: Results show that the highest activity of nitrate reductase (NR) in both sites was observed using 10304 kg of poultry manure ha-1. The results also showed that the tuber nitrate content was only affected by the fertilizer source. In both studied places, the highest tuber nitrate was associated with high levels of urea fertilizer. Based on the results, the vitamin C of potato tubers grown by poultry manure were also superior to the relative vitamin C content. According to the results of this experiment, the accumulation of more than 2 times the nitrate in the tubers was obtained from urea fertilizer (244.2 versus 100 ppm). Conclusions: In order to achieve food security and an efficient and sustainable food chain, chemical fertilizers must be replaced with organic fertilizers. Thus, the belief that the use of organic fertilizers, at any level, would not cause any problem for the health of products is definitely incorrect.
https://www.biotechrep.ir/article_100755_95e0ee46c1d2f14a8d98722b10998e47.pdf
2019-12-05
180
185
10.29252/JABR.06.04.08
Human Heath
Organic fertilizer
Nitrate accumulation
AtNRT 1:1 gene
Vitamin C
Mohammad
Asefi
masefi77@gmail.com
1
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmud
Khoramivafa
khoramivafa@razi.ac.ir
2
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
Ismaili
ismaili.a@lu.ac.ir
3
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Saeidi
saeidi_mohsen@yahoo.com
4
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR