The Role of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Vitamin D Intake in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Parastouei, Karim; Raei, Mehdi; Salimi-Sabour, Ebrahim; Shahriary, Alireza; Mirzaei Nodooshan, Majid; Zarae Nezhad, Mohamad Rasool; Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh, Hadi

doi:10.30491/jabr.2023.390341.1618

The Role of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Vitamin D Intake in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Karim Parastouei ¹

Mehdi Raei ¹

Ebrahim Salimi-Sabour ²

Alireza Shahriary ³

Majid Mirzaei Nodooshan ⁴

Mohamad Rasool Zarae Nezhad ¹

Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh ⁴

¹ Health Research Centre, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

³ Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁴ Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

10.30491/jabr.2023.390341.1618

Abstract

Chronic gastrointestinal inflammation, known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. According to recent research, microbiota composition, vitamin D level, and the immune system are the three most important elements that should have been taken into account in determining susceptibility to IBD disease. There is broad agreement that alterations in the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota are related to IBD susceptibility (dysbiosis). In IBD disease, the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome is changed and the beneficial ones are replaced by the pathogenic microbiome. Furthermore, a drop in serum vitamin D levels is noted in IBD patients. Vitamin D prevents the onset of IBD by reducing inflammatory cytokines and cells as well as limiting the expansion of pathogenic microbiota by inducing the release of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, more research is needed to completely comprehend the intricate relationships between the microbiota and vitamin D, it is suggested that modifying these factors could be an alternative treatment for IBD disorders. To restore dysbiosis, using FMT, probiotics, and vitamin D supplementation have been proposed as alternative treatments. The purpose of this article is to review the involvement of these key parameters and their interactions in the susceptibility and pathogenesis of IBD.

Keywords

Gastrointestinal Microbiome

Immune System

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Vitamin D